Autonomous Driving : : Technical, Legal and Social Aspects.

Autonomous Driving : : Technical, Legal and Social Aspects.

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Bibliographic Details
:
Maurer, Markus.
TeilnehmendeR:
Gerdes, J. Christian.
Lenz, Barbara.
Winner, Hermann.
Place / Publishing House:Berlin, Heidelberg : : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,, 2016.
Ã2016.
Year of Publication:2016
Edition:1st ed.
Language:English
Online Access:
Physical Description:1 online resource (698 pages)
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Table of Contents:
  • Outline placeholder
  • Society and Mobility
  • About the Editors
  • Contributors
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 What Is Autonomous Driving?
  • 1.2 Autonomous Driving-Drivers Behind the Research
  • 1.3 The Layout of this Book
  • 1.4 Work in the Project
  • References
  • 2 Use Cases for Autonomous Driving
  • 2.1 Motivation for the Consideration of Use Cases
  • 2.2 General Assumptions
  • 2.3 Description of the Use Cases
  • 2.3.1 Interstate Pilot Using Driver for Extended Availability
  • 2.3.1.1 Benefit
  • 2.3.1.2 Description
  • 2.3.1.3 Values of Characteristics
  • 2.3.2 Autonomous Valet Parking
  • 2.3.2.1 Benefit
  • 2.3.2.2 Description
  • 2.3.2.3 Values of Characteristics
  • 2.3.3 Full Automation Using Driver for Extended Availability
  • 2.3.3.1 Benefit
  • 2.3.3.2 Description
  • 2.3.3.3 Values of Characteristics
  • 2.3.4 Vehicle on Demand
  • 2.3.4.1 Benefit
  • 2.3.4.2 Description
  • 2.3.4.3 Values of Characteristics
  • 2.4 Selected Characteristics to Describe the Use Cases
  • 2.4.1 Characteristic A: Type of Occupant
  • 2.4.1.1 Motivation
  • 2.4.1.2 Values of the Characteristic
  • 2.4.2 Characteristic B: Maximum Permitted Gross Weight
  • 2.4.2.1 Motivation
  • 2.4.2.2 Values of the Characteristic
  • 2.4.3 Characteristic C: Maximum Deployment Velocity
  • 2.4.3.1 Motivation
  • 2.4.3.2 Values of Characteristic
  • 2.4.4 Characteristic D: Scenery
  • 2.4.4.1 Motivation
  • 2.4.4.2 Values of the Characteristic
  • 2.4.5 Characteristic E: Dynamic Elements
  • 2.4.5.1 Motivation
  • 2.4.5.2 Values of the Characteristic
  • 2.4.6 Characteristic F: Information Flow Between the Driving Robot and Other Entities
  • 2.4.6.1 Motivation
  • 2.4.6.2 Values of the Characteristic
  • 2.4.7 Characteristic G: Availability Concept
  • 2.4.7.1 Motivation
  • 2.4.7.2 Values of the Characteristic
  • 2.4.8 Characteristic H: Extension Concept
  • 2.4.8.1 Motivation.
  • 2.4.8.2 Values of the Characteristic
  • 2.4.9 Characteristic I: Options for Intervention
  • 2.4.9.1 Motivation
  • 2.5 General Definitions
  • References
  • Man and Machine
  • 3 Automated Driving in Its Social, Historical and Cultural Contexts
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Early Aviation and Radio Technology Lays the Foundation
  • 3.3 Technical Beginnings: Driverless, but not Self-steering
  • 3.4 Between the Weird and the Wonderful
  • 3.5 Only a Driverless Car is a Safe Car
  • 3.6 Guide Wires Become Utopian Guiding Principles
  • 3.7 Self-driving Transport in General Motors' Futurama
  • 3.8 Estheticizing the Guide-Wire Principle
  • 3.9 Setting the Family in Self-driving Vehicles
  • 3.10 The Interstate System and the Dream of the Magic Highway
  • 3.11 The Technical Realization of the Guide-Wire Vision and Its Illustration
  • 3.12 Cruise Control as a Byproduct of Technological Utopia
  • 3.13 Weirdly Bringing the Machine to Life
  • 3.14 The Driverless Automobile in Film
  • 3.15 From Friendly Helpers to Killer Machines
  • 3.16 The Rise of Microelectronics and the Fall of the Guide-Wire Concept
  • 3.17 Knight Rider and On-board Electronics
  • 3.18 Autonomous Vehicles in Science Fiction Films
  • 3.19 The Getaway Car's Demise in Fully Automated Vehicles with No Interface
  • 3.20 Selecting the Control Mode by Voice or the Touch of a Button
  • 3.21 Why Remote Control is Less Scary?
  • 3.22 Outlook
  • 3.22.1 Is Siri Paving the Way for Iris?
  • References
  • 4 Why Ethics Matters for Autonomous Cars
  • 4.1 Why Ethics Matters
  • 4.1.1 Beyond Crash-Avoidance
  • 4.1.2 Crash-Optimization Means Targeting
  • 4.1.3 Beyond Harm
  • 4.2 Scenarios that Implicate Ethics
  • 4.2.1 The Deer
  • 4.2.2 Self-sacrifice
  • 4.2.3 Ducking Harm
  • 4.2.4 Trolley Problems
  • 4.3 Next Steps
  • 4.3.1 Broader Ethical Issues
  • 4.3.2 Conclusions
  • References.
  • 5 Implementable Ethics for Autonomous Vehicles
  • 5.1 Control Systems and Optimal Control
  • 5.2 Cost Functions and Consequentialism
  • 5.3 Constraints and Deontological Ethics
  • 5.4 Traffic Laws-Constraint or Cost?
  • 5.5 Simple Implementations of Ethical Rules
  • 5.6 Human Override and the "Big Red Button"
  • References
  • 6 The Interaction Between Humans and Autonomous Agents
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 The Human Factor in Autonomous Vehicles
  • 6.2.1 The Design of Automated Systems
  • 6.2.2 Automation in the Car
  • 6.2.3 What Are Mental Models?
  • 6.3 Mental Models of Autonomous Driving
  • 6.3.1 Methods
  • 6.3.1.1 Questionnaire
  • 6.3.1.2 Sample
  • 6.3.1.3 Data Analysis Affective Similarity
  • 6.3.2 Results
  • 6.3.2.1 Driver Assistance Systems and Giving up Driving Responsibilities
  • 6.3.2.2 Representations of the Driver's Role and Use Cases
  • 6.3.2.3 Cognitive and Emotional Representations of the Use Cases
  • 6.3.2.4 Intervention, Control and Experience Needs
  • 6.3.3 Summary and Conclusions
  • Literature
  • 7 Communication and Communication Problems Between Autonomous Vehicles and Human Drivers
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Questions
  • 7.3 How do Road Users Communicate?
  • 7.4 Implications of Communications Options on Traffic Safety
  • 7.5 Is the Ability to Communicate a Requirement for the Other Road Users to Accept Autonomous Vehicles?
  • 7.6 What Mental Model Will Other Road Users Apply When Reacting to Autonomous Vehicle's Driving Errors?
  • 7.7 Cultural Differences
  • 7.8 Means of Compensation
  • 7.9 New Forms of Communication for an Effective Exchange of Information from Both Psychological and Technological Perspectives
  • 7.10 Conclusions
  • References
  • Mobility
  • Foreword
  • 8 Autonomous Driving-Political, Legal, Social, and Sustainability Dimensions
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Autonomous Driving from an Innovation Policy Perspective.
  • 8.3 Visions of Autonomous Driving in Europe
  • 8.3.1 European Strategy Documents
  • 8.3.1.1 Competitiveness and Innovation
  • 8.3.1.2 Efficiency and Sustainability
  • 8.3.1.3 Harmonization and Coordination
  • 8.3.1.4 Safety
  • 8.3.1.5 Summary
  • 8.3.2 Research Related to Autonomous Driving (EU)
  • 8.3.3 Actors and Arenas for Autonomous Driving in the EU
  • 8.4 National and International Legislative and Political Developments
  • 8.4.1 Regulatory Changes to the United Nations Convention on Road Traffic (Vienna Convention)
  • 8.4.2 USA
  • 8.4.3 Japan
  • 8.4.4 United Kingdom
  • 8.4.5 Sweden
  • 8.4.6 Germany
  • 8.5 Analysis
  • 8.6 Conclusion
  • References
  • 9 New Mobility Concepts and Autonomous Driving: The Potential for Change
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Carsharing: "Core Application" of New Mobility Concepts
  • 9.2.1 Station-Based Carsharing
  • 9.2.2 Flexible (One-Way) Carsharing
  • 9.2.3 Peer-to-Peer Carsharing
  • 9.3 Users and Use of the New Mobility Concepts
  • 9.3.1 Users and Usage Conditions
  • 9.3.2 The Carsharer-the "New Citizen" in a Sharing Economy?
  • 9.4 Digitalization of the Everyday World as a Basic Precondition for New Mobility Concepts
  • 9.5 Can New Mobility Concepts Be Further Developed via Carsharing's Automation?
  • 9.5.1 Autonomous Valet Parking in Carsharing
  • 9.5.2 Carsharing Used as "Full Automation Using Driver for Extended Availability"
  • 9.5.3 Carsharing as Vehicle on Demand
  • 9.5.4 Interim Summary
  • 9.6 New Mobility Concepts Beyond Carsharing: Hybridization of Public Transportation?
  • 9.6.1 Reshaping Intermodality and Making Public Transport More Flexible
  • 9.6.2 Individualization of Public Transport
  • 9.6.3 Broadening Service Options in Public Transport
  • 9.7 Implementing New Mobility Concepts with Autonomous Vehicles
  • 9.8 Conclusion
  • References
  • 10 Deployment Scenarios for Vehicles with Higher-Order Automation.
  • 10.1 Introduction and Background
  • 10.2 Definition and Scope
  • 10.3 Development Trends in Automated Driving
  • 10.3.1 Continuous Improvement of Driver Assistance: Evolutionary Scenario
  • 10.3.2 Redesigning Personal Mobility: Revolutionary Scenario
  • 10.3.3 Merging Personal Mobility and Public Transportation: Transformative Scenario
  • 10.4 Comparison of Scenarios
  • 10.4.1 Systemic Comparison
  • 10.4.2 Technical Comparison
  • 10.4.3 Regulatory Comparison
  • 10.4.4 Comparison of Corporate Strategies
  • 10.5 Summary and Outlook
  • References
  • 11 Autonomous Driving and Urban Land Use
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Autonomous Driving as a Feature of City-of-Tomorrow Scenarios
  • 11.2.1 The Regenerative and Intelligent City
  • 11.2.2 The Hypermobile City
  • 11.2.3 The Endless City
  • 11.2.4 Discussion
  • 11.3 Autonomous Driving and Its Impact on Urban Structure
  • 11.3.1 Autonomous Private Cars
  • 11.3.1.1 Change in the Required Parking Area
  • 11.3.1.2 Change in the Attractiveness of (Residential) Locations
  • 11.3.1.3 Space Requirements for Flowing Traffic
  • 11.3.2 Autonomous Taxis as an Integrated Part of Public Transport
  • 11.3.2.1 Public Space Used for Transport and Parking
  • 11.4 Essential Driving Forces for the Development of an Urban Transport System with Automated Vehicles
  • 11.5 Summary and Outlook
  • References
  • 12 Automated Vehicles and Automated Driving from a Demand Modeling Perspective
  • 12.1 Motivation and Aims
  • 12.2 What Determines Which Transport Mode We Choose?
  • 12.3 Transport Mode Choice in Applied Transport Models
  • 12.3.1 A Short Introduction to Transport Demand Modeling
  • 12.3.2 Decision-Making Criteria in Applied Models of Transport Mode Choice
  • 12.4 What Impact Might the Roll Out of Automated Vehicles Have on Our Behavior in Choosing Transport Modes?.
  • 12.4.1 Interstate Pilot: The Car with that Special Something for Exceptional Circumstances?.

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