Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems : : TAIGA Concept.

• Author: Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro.
• TeilnehmendeR: Okino, Kyoko.; Sunamura, Michinari.
• Place / Publishing House: Tokyo : : Springer Japan,, 2015.; ©2015.
• Year of Publication: 2015
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (651 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Preface
• Editorial Board
• Acknowledgments
• List of External Reviewers
• Contents
• Part I: Interdisciplinary Studies
• Chapter 1: Introduction of TAIGA Concept
• 1.1 Subseafloor Biosphere and Hydrosphere
• 1.2 Hydrothermal Systems as a Window of Sub-seafloor TAIGAs
• 1.3 Diversity of Subseafloor TAIGAs
• 1.3.1 TAIGA of Hydrogen
• 1.3.2 TAIGA of Methane
• 1.3.3 TAIGA of Sulfur
• 1.3.4 TAIGA of Iron
• 1.4 Interdisciplinary Studies During TAIGA Project
• References
• Chapter 2: Geochemical Constraints on Potential Biomass Sustained by Subseafloor Water-Rock Interactions
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Method to Estimate the Potential Biomass Sustained by Chemosynthetic Primary Production
• 2.2.1 Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Communities
• 2.2.2 Subseafloor Basaltic Oceanic Crust Communities
• 2.3 Potential Biomass Sustained by High-Temperature Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Systems
• 2.3.1 Geochemical Characteristics of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids
• 2.3.2 Bioavailable Energy Yield from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids
• 2.3.3 Fluxes of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids
• 2.3.4 Biomass Potential in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystems
• 2.4 Potential Biomass Sustained by Low-Temperature Alteration/Weathering of Oceanic Crust
• 2.4.1 Processes and Fluxes of Elemental Exchange Between Seawater and Oceanic Crust During Low-Temperature Alteration/Weatheri...
• 2.4.1.1 Iron
• 2.4.1.2 Sulfur
• 2.4.2 Bioavailable Energy Yield from Low-Temperature Alteration/Weathering of Oceanic Crust
• 2.4.3 Biomass Potential in Oceanic Crust Ecosystems
• 2.5 Microbial Biomass Potentials Associated with Fluid Flows in Ocean and Oceanic Crust and the Impact on Global Geochemical C...
• References
• Chapter 3: Microbial Cell Densities, Community Structures, and Growth in the Hydrothermal Plumes of Subduction Hydrothermal Sy.
• 3.1 Introduction to Hydrothermal Plumes and the TAIGA Concept
• 3.2 Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Plumes
• 3.3 Growth Zone of SUP05
• 3.4 Changes in the Microbial Community During the ``Chemical Evolution ́́of a Plume
• 3.5 Contribution of a Specific Microbial Community for Total Plume Microbial Ecosystem
• 3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
• 3.7 Materials and Methods
• 3.7.1 Samples Used in This Study
• 3.7.2 Analytical Methods
• References
• Chapter 4: Systematics of Distributions of Various Elements Between Ferromanganese Oxides and Seawater from Natural Observatio...
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 General Tendency for Cations
• 4.3 General Tendency for Anions
• 4.4 Relationship Between Distribution of Trace Elements and Their Local Structures at the Solid-Water Interface
• 4.5 Adsorption of Chromate: Additional Spectroscopic Data
• 4.6 Two pKa Model
• 4.7 Conclusions and Implications
• References
• Chapter 5: Evaluating Hydrothermal System Evolution Using Geochronological Dating and Biological Diversity Analyses
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Development of Dating Methods
• 5.2.1 Geochemical Approach for Ore Minerals
• 5.2.2 Comparison between ESR and U-Th ages
• 5.2.3 Ecological Analyses of Vent Fauna
• 5.3 Comparisons Between Ecological and Geochemical Age Information
• 5.4 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 6: Quantification of Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Vent Habitats of the Southern Mariana Trough and the Mid-Ok...
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Materials and Methods
• 6.2.1 Sampling Sites and Sample Collection
• 6.2.2 Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids
• 6.2.3 Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
• 6.2.4 Cluster Analysis of Microbial Community Composition by CARD-FISH
• 6.3 Results and Discussion.
• 6.3.1 Quantitative Assessment of Microbial Community Composition by CARD-FISH
• 6.3.2 Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Composition of the Bacterial Community
• 6.3.2.1 Seawater-Dominant Fluids
• 6.3.2.2 Low-Temperature Shimmering
• 6.3.2.3 The Fluid Samples Collected at the SMT in 2005
• 6.3.3 Hydrothermal Habitats for Microbial and Macrofaunal Communities
• 6.4 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 7: Development of Hydrothermal and Frictional Experimental Systems to Simulate Sub-seafloor Water-Rock-Microbe Interac...
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Hydrothermal Experimental Apparatus
• 7.2.1 Batch-Type Systems
• 7.2.1.1 Dickson-Type Autoclave
• 7.2.1.2 Batch Experiments to Investigate Amino Acid Reactions During Interactions of Sediments and Hydrothermal Solutions
• 7.2.2 Flow-Type Systems
• 7.2.2.1 Flow-Type Experimental System for Simulation of Water-Rock Interactions
• 7.2.2.2 Flow-Type Experimental System for Simulation of Microbial Ecosystems in a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent System
• 7.2.2.3 Supercritical Water Flow-Type System to Simulate Amino Acid Reactions
• 7.3 High-Velocity Friction Apparatus for Simulation of Faulting in an Earthquake-Driven Subsurface Biosphere
• References
• Chapter 8: Experimental Hydrogen Production in Hydrothermal and Fault Systems: Significance for Habitability of Subseafloor H2...
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Constraints on H2 Production During Experimental Hydrothermal Alteration of Ultramafic Rocks
• 8.3 Experimental H2 Generation During Komatiite Alteration: Simulation of an Archean Hydrothermal System
• 8.4 Mechanoradical H2 Generation During Simulated Faulting
• 8.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
• References
• Chapter 9: Experimental Assessment of Microbial Effects on Chemical Interactions Between Seafloor Massive Sulfides and Seawate...
• 9.1 Introduction.
• 9.2 Materials and Methods
• 9.2.1 Sample Collection
• 9.2.2 Experimental Medium
• 9.2.3 Batch Experiments
• 9.2.4 Chemical Analysis
• 9.2.5 16S rRNA Gene Clone Library Construction and Phylogenetic Analysis
• 9.2.6 Fluorescence Microscopy
• 9.2.7 Accession Numbers
• 9.3 Results and Discussion
• 9.3.1 Concentrations and Release/Removal Rates of Elements to/from the ASW Samples
• 9.3.2 Microbial Communities
• 9.3.3 Microbial Effects on Chemical Interaction on Sulfide Deposits
• 9.3.4 Conclusion and Perspective
• References
• Chapter 10: A Compilation of the Stable Isotopic Compositions of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in Soft Body Parts of Animals Co...
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Materials and Methods
• 10.2.1 Geological Background of the Sample Materials
• 10.2.1.1 Okinawa Trough
• 10.2.1.2 Izu-Ogasawara Arc
• 10.2.1.3 Additional Hydrothermal Fields
• 10.2.1.4 Sagami and Kagoshima Bays and Kuroshima Knoll
• 10.2.1.5 Additional Methane Seep Fields
• 10.2.2 Animal, Sediment, and Fluid Sampling Procedures
• 10.2.3 Analytical Procedures
• 10.3 Analytical Results for Isotopic Composition
• 10.3.1 Isotopic Compositions of Animal Samples from Hydrothermal Fields
• 10.3.2 Isotopic Compositions of Animal Samples from Methane Seep Fields
• 10.3.3 Stable Isotopic Composition of the Issuing Fluids Associated with Animal Communities
• 10.3.3.1 Hydrogen Sulfide
• 10.3.3.2 Methane
• 10.4 Discussion
• 10.4.1 The Contribution of Thioautotrophic Nutrition to the Benthic Animal Community
• 10.4.2 Variations in the Carbon Isotopic Ratios of the Benthic Animal Community
• 10.4.3 Nitrogen Isotopic Ratios of Symbiotic Bivalves
• 10.4.4 Competition for Energy Sources and the Role of Filter Feeding by Bathymodiolus Mussels
• 10.5 Summary
• References
• Part II: Central Indian Ridge.
• Chapter 11: Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Regional Setting
• 11.3 Data and Method
• 11.3.1 Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) Area
• 11.3.2 Rodrigues Segment (RS) Area
• 11.4 Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) Area
• 11.4.1 Morphology and Segmentation
• 11.4.2 Magnetics and Gravity
• 11.4.3 Kairei Hydrothermal Field and Surroundings
• 11.4.4 Tectonic Evolution and Hydrothermalism
• 11.5 Rodrigues Segment (RS) Area: CIR 18-20S
• 11.5.1 Morphology and Segmentation
• 11.5.2 Rock Geochemistry
• 11.5.3 Tectonic Background of Hydrothermal Fields
• 11.6 Summary
• References
• Chapter 12: Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Systems: Seafloor Hydrothermal Activities, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydr...
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 The Four Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vent Fields Studied in the TAIGA Project
• 12.2.1 Dodo Hydrothermal Field
• 12.2.2 Solitaire Hydrothermal Field
• 12.2.3 Edmond Hydrothermal Field
• 12.2.4 Kairei Hydrothermal Field
• 12.3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids
• 12.4 Biological Studies Conducted at the Four Hydrothermal Vent Fields
• 12.4.1 Microbial Communities and Microorganisms Isolated from the CIR Hydrothermal Systems
• 12.4.2 Hydrothermal Vent Fauna and Chemosynthetic Symbioses
• 12.5 Future Prospects
• References
• Chapter 13: Petrology and Geochemistry of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts from the Southern Central Indian Ridge
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Geological Background and Previous Studies
• 13.3 Petrology and Geochemistry of MORB Along the Southern CIR
• 13.3.1 Analytical Techniques
• 13.3.2 Major Element Chemistry
• 13.3.3 Trace Element Chemistry
• 13.4 Implications for the Source Mantle Beneath the Southern CIR
• 13.4.1 Petrogenetic Conditions
• 13.4.2 Mantle Source Compositions.
• 13.4.3 Distribution of Depleted and Enriched Mantle.