The Interconnected Arctic -- UArctic Congress 2016.

• Superior document: Springer Polar Sciences Series
• Author: Latola, Kirsi.
• TeilnehmendeR: Savela, Hannele.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2017.; ©2017.
• Year of Publication: 2017
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Springer Polar Sciences Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (303 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- The University of the Arctic -- The North Matters -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Vulnerability of the Arctic Environments -- Chapter 1: Mysteries of the Geological History of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Cover -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Dynamics of the Modern Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Cover -- 1.3 High Variability of Arctic Ocean Ice Covers During the Quaternary -- 1.4 The Enigma of the Tertiary Predecessors of the Central Arctic Ocean Ice Covers -- 1.5 What Triggered the Onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciations During the Paleogene? -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Response of Arctic Alpine Biota to Climate Change - Evidence from Polar Urals GLORIA Summits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Features of Natural and Artificial Recovery in Quarries of the Forest-Tundra Zone of Western Siberia -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.2.1 Natural Recovery of Vegetation -- 3.2.2 Artificial Restoration of Vegetation -- 3.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The Concept of Hierarchical Structure of Large Marine Ecosystems in the Zoning of Russian Arctic Shelf Seas -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodical Approach -- 4.3 Units of Zonal Differentiation -- 4.4 Units of Vertical Differentiation -- 4.5 Units of Azonal Differentiation -- 4.6 Discussion -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Changing Climate and Outbreaks of Forest Pest Insects in a Cold Northern Country, Finland -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Life Cycles of Pest Insects in Relation to Recent Climate Change in Finland -- 5.3 Birch Defoliators -- 5.4 Pine Defoliators -- 5.5 Spruce Pests -- 5.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References.

Chapter 6: Wood-Based Energy as a Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation in the Arctic-Perspectives on Assessment of Climate Impacts and Resource Efficiency with Life Cycle Assessment -- 6.1 Introduction and Background -- 6.2 Forests in the Arctic Countries -- 6.3 Climate Impacts Related to the Use of Forest Biomass for Energy -- 6.4 Adjusting the Different Uses of Forest Biomass -- References -- Chapter 7: Geospatial Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutant Deposits in the Arctic Ecosystems and Environment -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Material and Methods -- 7.3 Results and Discussion -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Hydrological Probabilistic Model MARCS and Its Application to Simulate the Probability Density Functions of Multi-year Maximal Runoff: The Russian Arctic as a Case of Study -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Method and Data -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Assessment of Atmospheric Circulation in the Atlantic-Eurasian Region and Arctic Using Climate Indices. The Possible Applications of These Indices in Long-Term Weather Forecasts -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Two Types of Polar Air Outbreaks -- 9.3 Atlantic Arctic Oscillation Index (AAO Index) -- 9.3.1 Calculation of AAO Index -- 9.3.2 Interannual Variability of AAO Index -- 9.4 AAO Index and Surface Air Temperature in the Arctic. Advantages of the AAO Index Over the NAO and AO Indices -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Difficulties of Geological Engineering in Arctic Seas -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Glimpse to the History of Petroleum Development Offshore the Arctic -- 10.3 Geological Engineering Conditions of the Region -- 10.4 Issues on Testing -- 10.5 Potential Solutions for Arctic Geological Engineering -- References -- Part II: Vulnerability of the Arctic Societies.

Chapter 11: The Health Transition: A Challenge to Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic -- 11.1 National Health Care Systems and Scientific Collaboration -- 11.2 The Sami People -- 11.3 Sami Health Challenges -- 11.4 Sami Health Data -- 11.5 Melting Permafrost and the Release of Infectious Diseases -- References -- Chapter 12: Uncertainties in Arctic Socio-economic Scenarios -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Towards Better Informed Decision-Making in the Arctic -- 12.2.1 Socio-economic Scenarios -- 12.2.2 Socio-economic Scenarios for the Arctic -- 12.2.3 Key Uncertainties and Climate Change in the Scenarios -- 12.3 Discussion -- 12.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Importance of Consideration of Climate Change at Managing Fish Stocks: A Case of Northern Russian Fisheries -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Major Fisheries of Northern Russia -- 13.3 Risks for Fish Stocks Associated with Climate Change -- 13.4 How to Reduce Risks for Fisheries? -- References -- Chapter 14: Preservation of Territories and Traditional Activities of the Northern Indigenous Peoples in the Period of the Arctic Industrial Development -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Changing Conditions in the Arctic Territories -- 14.3 Legal Regulations on the Indigenous Peoples in the Russian Federation -- 14.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: The Arctic Journey: Design Experiments in the North -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Designing the Arctic Journey -- 15.3 Co-design in the Exhibition Cases -- 15.4 Findings from the Arctic Experience -- References -- Chapter 16: The Bicycle and the Arctic - Resilient and Sustainable Transport in Times of Climate Change -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Theoretical Framework -- 16.3 The Bicycle in Urban Alaska -- 16.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Building the Long-Term Human Capacity -- Chapter 17: Human Capital Development in the Russian Arctic.

17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Russian Arctic: Long-Term Human Capacity Building -- 17.3 Human Capacity Building Through Labour Market Development -- 17.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18: Impact of Wages on Employment and Migration in the High North of Russia -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Results and Discussion -- 18.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19: Well-Being in an Arctic City. Designing a Longitudinal Study on Student Relationships and Perceived Quality of Life -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.1.1 Bullying and Harassment -- 19.1.2 Mental Health -- 19.1.3 The School Culture -- 19.1.4 Quality of Life -- 19.1.5 Research Questions -- 19.2 Methods -- 19.2.1 Design -- 19.2.2 Participants -- 19.2.3 Instruments -- 19.2.4 Ethics -- 19.3 First Results from the Study -- 19.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 20: Researching Links Between Teacher Wellbeing and Educational Change: Case Studies from Kazakhstan and Sakha Republic -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Problem Statement -- 20.3 Methods -- 20.4 Results -- 20.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 21: Well-Being at the Polish Polar Station, Svalbard: Adaptation to Extreme Environments -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Methodology -- 21.3 Results -- 21.4 Discussion -- References -- Part IV: Arctic Tourism -- Chapter 22: Tourism Futures in the Arctic -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Tourism Growth -- 22.3 Tourism Priorities -- 22.4 Conclusions - Futures Towards 2030 -- References -- Chapter 23: Uniqueness as a Draw for Riding Under the Midnight Sun -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Methodology -- 23.3 Tourist Preferences -- 23.4 Implications for Arctic Tourism -- 23.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 24: Arctic Tourism: The Design Approach with Reference to the Russian North -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.1.1 Theoretical Foundation for Design in Tourism -- 24.2 Case Studies.

24.2.1 Case Study 1: The Mammoth Museum in Lugovskoye Area -- 24.2.2 Case Study 2: The Tourist Complex in the Archipelago of Novaya Zemlya -- 24.3 Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Arctic Safety -- Chapter 25: Maritime Operations and Emergency Preparedness in the Arctic-Competence Standards for Search and Rescue Operations Contingencies in Polar Waters -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Methods -- 25.3 Results and Discussion -- 25.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 26: Risk Reduction as a Result of Implementation of the Functional Based IMO Polar Code in the Arctic Cruise Industry -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Methods -- 26.2.1 Exercise Validity -- 26.3 Results and Discussion -- 26.3.1 Hazard Curve -- 26.3.2 Stage 1 - Cooling Phase -- 26.3.3 Stage 2 - Stabilization Phase -- 26.3.4 Stage 3 - Survival Phase -- 26.3.5 Habitable Environment -- 26.3.6 Rescue Craft Moisture -- 26.3.7 Additional Stress Factors -- 26.3.8 Psychological Aspects -- 26.3.9 Personal Protection -- 26.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 27: Safety of Industrial Development and Transportation Routes in the Arctic (SITRA) - Collaboration Project for Research and Education of Future High North Experts -- 27.1 SITRA Partners and Objectives -- 27.2 Project Implementation and Development in 2015-2016 -- 27.3 Beam Test Modelling - Example of a Joint Student Work -- 27.4 Future Development and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 28: Safe Snow and Ice Construction to Arctic Conditions -- 28.1 Introduction -- 28.2 Designing Snow and Ice Structures -- 28.3 Designing of Snow Structures -- 28.4 Designing of Ice Structures -- 28.5 Designing of Slush Structures -- 28.6 Safe Use of Snow and Ice Buildings -- 28.7 Monitoring of the Structures During Their Service Life -- 28.8 Next Steps in Snow and Ice Construction -- References.

Chapter 29: The Components of Psychological Safety of Oil and Gas Shift Workers in the Arctic.