Cyber-Physical Systems : : a Model-Based Approach.

• Author: Taha, Walid M.
• TeilnehmendeR: Taha, Abd-Elhamid M.; Thunberg, Johan.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2020.; Ã2021.
• Year of Publication: 2020
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (205 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Part I Core Concepts -- 1 What is a Cyber-Physical System? -- 1.1 Our Planet. Our Knowledge. Our Destiny -- 1.2 Observe. Understand. Innovate -- 1.2.1 Cyber-Physical Systems and Hybrid Systems -- 1.2.2 Examples -- 1.2.3 Computational vs. Physical Systems -- 1.2.4 Biological and Intelligent Systems -- 1.3 Developing New Products -- 1.4 Is the Field of Cyber-Physical Systems New? -- 1.5 What You Will Learn from This Book, and How -- 1.6 A Writing Tip -- 1.7 Chapter Highlights -- 1.8 Study Problems -- 1.9 Lab: Warm Up Exercises -- 1.10 Project -- 1.11 To Probe Further -- 2 Modeling Physical Systems -- 2.1 Reconnecting with the Physical World -- 2.2 Conservation Laws -- 2.3 Elements in Mechanical Systems -- 2.4 Working in 2D and 3D -- 2.5 Elements in Electrical Systems -- 2.6 The Absence or Presence of Time in a Model -- 2.7 Arithmetic Equations, and Linear and Non-linear Systems of Equations -- 2.8 Where Different Numbers Come from -- 2.9 Time-Dependent and Differential Equations -- 2.10 Prototypes of Equations (That Will Recur Throughout the Book) -- 2.11 Remarks on the Basic Machinery for Solving Differential Equations -- 2.12 Chapter Highlights -- 2.13 Study Problems -- 2.14 Lab: Spring Bouncing and Object Creation -- 2.15 Project: Mascot and Ping Pong Game -- 2.16 To Probe Further -- 3 Hybrid Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hybrid Automata -- 3.3 Reset Maps -- 3.4 Zero-Crossing -- 3.5 Zeno Behavior -- 3.6 Modeling Elastic Collision -- 3.7 Chapter Highlights -- 3.8 Avoid Common Mistakes -- 3.9 Study Problems -- 3.10 Lab: Discrete Bouncing -- 3.11 Project: Speed-Based Player for Ping Pong Robot -- 3.12 To Probe Further -- 4 Control Theory -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Feedback Control -- 4.3 Proportional Feedback Control -- 4.4 Operational Amplifiers -- 4.5 Multi-Dimensional Error and Proportional/Integral/Differential Feedback Control.

4.6 Chapter Highlights -- 4.7 Study Problems -- 4.8 Lab: Exploring Control -- 4.9 Project: Acceleration-Based Player for Ping Pong Robot -- 4.10 To Probe Further -- 5 Modeling Computational Systems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Quantization -- 5.3 Discretization: How Fast Can Your Circuit Go? -- 5.4 Detour: Boundedness of Digital Memory -- 5.5 Detour: From Hardware to Software-Storing Executable Commands in Memory -- 5.6 The Effect of Quantization and Discretization on Stability -- 5.7 Abstract Modeling of Computational Effects -- 5.8 Modeling Quantization -- 5.9 Modeling Discretization -- 5.10 Detour: Discretization, Sampling Rates, and Loss of Information -- 5.11 The Effects of Quantization and Discretization Easily Compound -- 5.12 Chapter Highlights -- 5.13 Study Problems -- 5.14 Lab: Stability Exercises -- 5.15 Project: Quantization and Discretization -- 5.16 To Probe Further -- 6 Coordinate Transformation (Robot Arm) -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Coordinate Transformation -- 6.3 Chapter Highlights -- 6.4 Study Problems -- 6.5 Lab: Coordinate Transformations -- 6.6 Project: Spherical-Actuation for Ping Pong Robot -- 6.7 To Probe Further -- Part II Selected Topics -- 7 Game Theory -- 7.1 The Role of Game Theory in CPS Design -- 7.2 Games, Players, Strategies, Utilities, and Independent Maximization -- 7.3 Rationality, Independence and Strictly Dominant (or Dominated) Strategies -- 7.3.1 The Independence Pattern -- 7.3.2 The Cost of Lacking Communication and Trust Can Be Unbounded -- 7.4 Coordination, Intelligence, and Nash Equilibrium -- 7.4.1 The Coordination Pattern -- 7.4.2 Nash Equilibrium -- 7.4.3 Determining the Nash Equilibrium -- 7.4.4 Eliminating Strictly Dominated Strategies Preserves Nash Equilibria -- 7.5 Competitiveness, Privacy, Mixed Strategies -- 7.5.1 Mixed Strategy Games.

7.5.2 Selecting a Mixed Strategy (or, Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibria) -- 7.6 Chapter Highlights -- 7.7 Study Problems -- 7.8 To Probe Further -- 8 Communications -- 8.1 Communication, Certainty, Uncertainty, and Belief -- 8.2 Messages: From Information to Representation -- 8.3 Belief, Knowledge, and Truth -- 8.3.1 Broader Implications -- 8.4 Carrier Signal, Medium, and Link -- 8.5 Link Characteristics -- 8.5.1 Latency -- 8.5.2 Bandwidth -- 8.5.3 Reliability -- 8.6 Fundamental Limits from Physics -- 8.7 Limits Due to Component Dynamics -- 8.7.1 Electrical Signal Transmission -- 8.7.2 Variability in Component Parameters -- 8.7.3 Light and Radio Transmission -- 8.8 Limits Due to Noise -- 8.9 Limits Due to Energy Dissipation -- 8.10 Other Sources of Limitations -- 8.11 Chapter Highlights -- 8.12 Study Problems -- 8.13 To Probe Further -- 9 Sensing and Actuation -- 9.1 Everyday Input and Output -- 9.2 Symmetry: LEDs and Photo-Voltaic Cells -- 9.2.1 Diodes -- 9.2.2 The Photo-Voltaic Effect -- 9.2.3 Transistors and Amplifiers -- 9.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) -- 9.4 Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC) -- 9.5 Sensing Temperature -- 9.6 Sensing Position -- 9.7 Actuating Mechanical Systems -- 9.8 Chapter Highlights -- 9.9 Study Problems -- 9.10 To Probe Further -- A Acumen Reference Manual -- A.1 Background -- A.2 The Acumen Environment and Graphical User Interface -- A.3 Basic Structure of An Acumen Model -- A.4 Model Parameters and the ``Initially'' and ``Always'' Sections -- A.5 Model Instantiation -- A.6 Expressions -- A.6.1 Variable Names -- A.6.2 Literals -- A.6.3 Vector and Vector Generators -- A.6.4 Matrices -- A.6.5 Summations -- A.7 Formulae -- A.7.1 Continuous Formulae -- A.7.2 If Formulae -- A.7.3 Match Formulae -- A.7.4 Discrete Formulae -- A.7.5 Foreach Formulae -- A.7.6 Collections of Formulae.

A.8 How a Model Is Simulated: Order of Evaluation -- A.9 Visualization Using the _3D Panel -- A.9.1 Colors -- A.9.2 Transparency -- A.9.3 Coordinate System -- A.9.4 Text -- A.9.5 Box -- A.9.6 Cylinders -- A.9.7 Cone -- A.9.8 Spheres -- A.9.9 OBJ Mesh Objects -- A.9.10 Default Values -- A.9.11 Composites -- A.9.12 Shapes, Their Parameters, and Their Default Values -- A.9.13 Animation = Dynamic _3D Values -- A.9.14 Manual Control of the View of the _3D Scene -- A.9.15 In-model Control of the View of the _3D Scene -- A.9.16 Camera View -- A.10 Built-In Functions -- A.11 Function Declarations -- A.12 Operator Precedence -- A.13 Simulator Settings -- A.14 Command Line Parameters -- A.15 Print to Standard Output (stdout) or Console -- A.16 BNF of Acumen -- Index.