Model Tests and Numerical Simulations of Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading : : Leap-Ucd-2017.

• Author: Kutter, Bruce L.
• TeilnehmendeR: Manzari, Majid T.; Zeghal, Mourad.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2019.; Ã2020.
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (655 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Preface
• Contents
• Contributors
• Part I: Overview Papers
• Chapter 1: LEAP-UCD-2017 V. 1.01 Model Specifications
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.1.1 Differences Between This Paper and Pre-test Specifications
• 1.1.2 Goals and Overview
• 1.2 Scaling Laws
• 1.3 Description of the Model Construction and Instrumentation
• 1.3.1 Soil Material: Ottawa F-65 Sand
• Modified ASTM D4254 Method C for Minimum Dry Density
• Modified Lade et al. (1998) Method for Maximum Density
• 1.3.2 Placement of the Sand by Pluviation
• 1.3.3 Measurement of Density of the Sand
• 1.3.4 Geometry of the Model
• 1.3.5 Saturation of the Model
• 1.4 Instrumentation of the Model
• 1.4.1 Required Instrumentation
• 1.4.2 Displacement Measurements
• Careful Before and After Photographs of the Model and Surface Markers
• Lateral Displacements from Cameras Mounted on the Centrifuge
• Residual Settlements from Pore Pressure Sensors
• Direct Measurements of Sensor and Surface Marker Locations
• Colored Sand Layers, Noodles, and Sensor Locations During Dissection
• Settlement Gage Sensors
• Tactile Pressure Sensors
• 1.5 Cone Penetration Testing
• 1.6 Shear Wave Velocity
• 1.7 Ground Motions
• 1.7.1 Destructive Ground Motions
• 1.7.2 Nondestructive Ground Motions
• 1.7.3 Assessment of Tapered Sine Wave (TSW) Ground Motions
• 1.8 Data Reporting Anticipated Plan/Concept
• 1.8.1 New Leap Database
• 1.8.2 Dynamic Shaking Sensor Data
• 1.8.3 Pore Pressure Long-Term Time Series Data
• 1.8.4 Summary of Other Anticipated Report Requirements to Be Detailed in a Separate Document
• References
• Chapter 2: Grain Size Analysis and Maximum and Minimum Dry Density Testing of Ottawa F-65 Sand for LEAP-UCD-2017
• 2.1 Background and Introduction
• 2.2 Grain Size Analysis
• 2.2.1 Discussion of Grain Size Analyses
• 2.3 Minimum and Maximum Index Dry Density.
• 2.3.1 LEAP Minimum Density Procedure
• 2.3.2 LEAP Maximum Density Procedure
• 2.3.3 Results of Index Dry Density Testing
• 2.3.4 Discussion of Minimum Density
• 2.3.5 Discussion of Maximum Density
• 2.4 Testing Results Effect on Relative Density
• 2.5 Measurements by ASTM Method
• 2.6 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 3: Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ottawa F65 Sand
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Ottawa F65 Soil Characterization
• 3.2.1 Specific Gravity Tests
• 3.2.2 Particle Size Distribution Analysis
• 3.2.3 Hydraulic Conductivity
• 3.2.4 Maximum and Minimum Void Ratios
• 3.3 Cyclic Triaxial Tests
• 3.3.1 Experiment Procedures
• 3.3.2 Sample Preparation
• 3.3.3 Summary of Experimental Results and Observations
• 3.4 Concluding Remarks
• References
• Chapter 4: LEAP-UCD-2017 Comparison of Centrifuge Test Results
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Densities and Penetration Resistances
• 4.3 Base Input Motions in First Destructive Motion
• 4.4 Acceleration Response of Soil Layers in First Destructive Motion
• 4.5 Displacement Response of the Soil Layers in First Destructive Motion
• 4.6 Pore Pressure Response of Soil Layers in First Destructive Motion
• 4.7 Correlations Between Displacement, Dr, and IMs
• 4.7.1 Rationale for Scaling Between PGA and CSR for Simplified Procedure
• 4.8 Correlations Between Excess Pore Pressures, Dr, and IMs
• 4.9 Correlations Between Peak Cyclic Displacements, Dr, and IMs
• 4.10 Summary and Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 5: Archiving of Experimental Data for LEAP-UCD-2017
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Accessing Published LEAP-UCD-2017 Data in DesignSafe
• 5.2.1 General Report File: 1_ExperimentStrenDemPerfSummary_v11b.xlsx
• 5.2.2 General Report File: 2a_AllTestsCompared_24TestsPerPage.pdf
• 5.2.3 General Report Folder: 2b_AllTestsCompared_24TestsPerPage_OnePagePerFile.
• 5.2.4 General Report File: 3_AllSensorDataFromAllTests.pdf
• 5.2.5 General Report File: 4_Version1.01_LEAP UCD2017_SpecsforExperiments.docx
• 5.2.6 General Report File: 5_Version_0.99_2017_CentrifugeTestTemplate.xlsx
• 5.2.7 General Report Folder: 6_LEAP-UCD-2017 Cone Penetrometer Equipment Details
• 5.2.8 General Report Folder: 7_Videos of Max and Min Density Tests
• 5.2.9 General Report File: 8_Dec2017WorkshopHandout.pdf
• 5.3 Detailed Data for Each Model Test
• 5.3.1 Selecting an Experiment Site
• 5.3.2 Model Configuration Data
• 5.3.3 Sensor Information
• 5.4 Working Directory for Data LEAP-UCD-2017
• 5.5 Summary
• References
• Chapter 6: Comparison of LEAP-UCD-2017 CPT Results
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Design
• 6.3 LEAP-UCD-2017 Experiment
• 6.4 Depth at Which the Cone Tip Touches the Surface (Depth of Zero Penetration)
• 6.5 Effects of Scale Factor and Container Width
• 6.6 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 7: Difference and Sensitivity Analyses of the LEAP-2017 Experiments
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Experiment Overview
• 7.3 Difference Metrics
• 7.3.1 Input Motion Differences
• 7.3.2 Response Motion Differences
• 7.4 Sensitivity Analysis
• 7.4.1 Acceleration Sensitivity
• 7.4.2 Permanent Displacement Sensitivity
• 7.5 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 8: LEAP-2017 Simulation Exercise: Overview of Guidelines for the Element Test Simulations
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Soil Characterization and Element Tests
• 8.2.1 LEAP-2017 Tests
• 8.2.2 Additional Available Element Tests on Ottawa Sand
• 8.3 Model Calibration Report by Simulation Teams
• 8.3.1 Model Description
• 8.3.2 Model Parameters
• 8.3.3 Calibration Method
• 8.3.4 Liquefaction Strength Curves
• 8.4 Simulation Results
• 8.4.1 Results Data Files
• 8.4.2 Matlab Scripts
• 8.5 Concluding Remarks
• References.
• Chapter 9: LEAP-2017 Simulation Exercise: Calibration of Constitutive Models and Simulation of the Element Tests
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 The Numerical Simulation Teams
• 9.3 Summary of the Element Test Simulations
• 9.4 Liquefaction Strength Curves
• 9.5 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 10: LEAP-2017: Comparison of the Type-B Numerical Simulations with Centrifuge Test Results
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 LEAP-2017 Centrifuge Experiments
• 10.3 Type-B Numerical Simulations
• 10.4 Summary of Type-B Simulations Results
• 10.4.1 Excess Pore Water Pressure Time Histories
• 10.4.2 Acceleration Time Histories and Spectral Accelerations
• 10.4.3 Lateral Displacements
• 10.5 Overall Performance of Numerical Simulations
• 10.6 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 11: Numerical Sensitivity Study Compared to Trend of Experiments for LEAP-UCD-2017
• 11.1 Description of the Requested Sensitivity Study
• 11.2 Characterization of Displacements from Experiments
• 11.3 2D Comparisons of Experimental Regression Surfaces to Numerical Simulations
• 11.4 Error Measures and Ranking of Numerical Simulations
• 11.5 3-D Comparison of Simulations to Experimental Regression Surfaces
• 11.6 Summary and Conclusions
• References
• Part II: Centrifuge Experiment Papers
• Chapter 12: LEAP-UCD-2017 Centrifuge Tests at Cambridge
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Experiment Setup
• 12.2.1 Sand Pouring
• 12.2.2 Viscosity Measurement
• 12.2.3 Saturation
• 12.2.4 Slope Cutting
• 12.2.5 CPT
• 12.3 Destructive Motions
• 12.4 CPT Strength Profiles
• 12.5 PIV
• 12.6 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 13: LEAP-UCD-2017 Centrifuge Test at University of California, Davis
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 UC Davis Test Specific Information
• 13.2.1 Description of the Model and Instrumentation
• 13.2.2 Sensors
• 13.2.3 Scaling Laws
• 13.3 Test Results.
• 13.3.1 Achieved Ground Motions
• 13.3.2 Accelerometer Records During Destructive Motions
• 13.3.3 Excess Pore Pressures
• 13.3.4 Cone Penetration Tests
• 13.3.5 Surface Marker Surveys
• 13.4 Nonconformities with Specifications
• 13.5 Advancements in Centrifuge Testing
• 13.6 Method of Measuring Density
• 13.7 Pore Fluid Viscosity and Saturation
• 13.7.1 Pore Fluid Viscosity
• 13.7.2 Model Saturation
• 13.8 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 14: LEAP-2017 Centrifuge Test at Ehime University
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Centrifuge at Ehime University
• 14.3 Centrifuge Model
• 14.3.1 Model Description
• 14.3.2 Sand
• 14.3.3 Placement of Sand
• 14.3.4 Saturation
• 14.3.5 Test Procedure
• 14.4 Results
• 14.4.1 Shear Wave Velocity
• 14.4.2 Input Acceleration
• 14.4.3 Excess Pore Pressure Response
• 14.4.4 Liquefaction Triggering
• 14.4.5 Deformation of the Model
• 14.5 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 15: LEAP-UCD-2017 Centrifuge Test at IFSTTAR
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 As Built Model
• 15.2.1 Soil Material and Placement of the Sand by Pluviation
• 15.2.2 Rigid Container Configuration and Sensor Layout
• 15.2.3 Viscosity of Pore Fluid
• 15.2.4 Saturation Process
• 15.3 Achieved Ground Motions
• 15.3.1 Horizontal Component
• 15.3.2 Vertical Component
• 15.4 Results
• 15.4.1 Pore Pressure and Acceleration Responses
• 15.4.2 Surface Maker Response
• 15.5 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 16: LEAP-UCD-2017 Centrifuge Test at KAIST
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Centrifuge Facility and Earthquake Simulator at KAIST
• 16.3 Physical Modeling
• 16.3.1 Soil Material and Density
• 16.3.2 Viscous Fluid
• 16.3.3 Model Description and Instrumentations
• 16.3.4 Saturation and Container Modifications
• 16.3.5 Sequence of the Centrifuge Test
• 16.4 Centrifuge Test Results
• 16.4.1 Achieved Input Motion.
• 16.4.2 Investigation of Soil Model.