Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries : : The Legacy of Central Planning in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

• Superior document: The Urban Book Series
• Author: Hess, Daniel Baldwin.
• TeilnehmendeR: Tammaru, Tiit.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2019.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: The Urban Book Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (383 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 Modernist Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries: Formation, Current Challenges and Future Prospects -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Context and Vision -- 2 A Turbulent Political History and the Legacy of State Socialism in the Baltic Countries -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Long Road to Nation-Statehood, Loss and Restoration of Independence -- 2.3 Socio-Economic Development -- 2.4 Demographic Development, Urbanisation and Ethnic Composition -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 The Rise and Demise of the Soviet-Made Housing Shortage in the Baltic Countries -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Nationalisation and Market Suppression -- 3.3 An Underurbanisation Crisis -- 3.4 Housing Construction -- 3.5 Housing Tenure -- 3.6 Housing Allocation -- 3.7 Housing Construction in Soviet Daugavpils -- 3.8 Housing Allocation in Soviet Daugavpils -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- 4 The Exceptional Design of Large Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 A New Type of Apartment Building and a New Type of Soviet Neighbourhood -- 4.3 Prefabricated Mass Housing and Microrayons Are Introduced to the Baltic Republics -- 4.4 Experimental Design: The Growth of Local Expertise and the Role of Architects -- 4.5 Nordic Influence -- 4.6 Recipients of Architectural Excellence Awards: Žirmūnai, Lazdynai and Väike-Õismäe -- 4.6.1 Žirmūnai -- 4.6.2 Lazdynai -- 4.6.3 Väike-Õismäe -- 4.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Baltic Crossings: Soviet Housing Estates and Dreams of Forest-Suburbs -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Addressing Persistent Housing Demand -- 5.3 From Mikrorayons to Grand Ensembles to Paper Architecture -- 5.4 Crossing the Baltic Sea.

5.5 Variations in Standardisation -- 5.6 Finnish Influences on Estonian Multifamily Housing -- 5.7 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 6 Mass Housing and Extensive Urbanism in the Baltic Countries and Central/Eastern Europe: A Comparative Overview -- Abstract -- 6.1 Mass Housing in the Baltics and the USSR: A Contextual Overview -- 6.2 The Satellite States: From Dissidence to Decomposition -- 6.3 Housing Architecture in the Satellite States -- 6.4 Divergences from Orthodox Modernism -- 6.5 Socialist Exceptions: Mass Housing in Romania and Yugoslavia -- 6.6 The 'Ongoing Revolution': Self-management and Monumentality in Yugoslavia -- 6.7 Novi Beograd: Planning by 'Blok' -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- Housing the Masses: Establishing Socialist-Modernist Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries -- 7 Architectural Transcendence in Soviet-Era Housing: Evidence from Socialist Residential Districts in Tallinn, Estonia -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mikrorayons: Centrepieces of Socialist Urban Form -- 7.2.1 The Role of Socialist Architects in City Planning -- 7.3 Research Strategy -- 7.4 An Ensemble of Mid-Twentieth Century of Housing Estates in Tallinn, Estonia -- 7.4.1 Mustamäe: A Cautious Test of Socialist Residential Planning Principles -- 7.4.2 Väike-Õismäe: Aerial Architecture in a 1970s Makrorayon -- 7.4.3 Lasnamäe: Soviet Megalomania, Built to Only Half Completion -- 7.5 Challenges and Opportunities in Large Housing Estates in Soviet Estonia -- 7.5.1 International Knowledge Inspires Architects of Large Housing Estates -- 7.5.2 Architects in Estonia Maintain a Consistently Strong Role in Town Planning Practice -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Socialist Ideals and Physical Reality: Large Housing Estates in Riga, Latvia -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Social and Economic Context of Housing Development in the USSR -- 8.3 The Development of Riga -- 8.4 Physical Organisation of Large Housing Estates -- 8.5 Eras of Residential Development -- 8.6 Current Tendencies and Future Challenges -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Living in a Large Housing Estate: Insider Perspectives from Lithuania -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Data Collection -- 9.3 Acquiring a New Apartment -- 9.4 Moving In -- 9.5 Deficiencies -- 9.6 Neighbours -- 9.7 Daily Life -- 9.8 Comparisons and Evaluation -- 9.9 Temporal Dimensions -- 9.10 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Exploring the Socio-Demographic and Ethnic Characteristics of Previous and Current Housing Estate Dwellers -- 10 Socio-economic and Ethnic Trajectories of Housing Estates in Tallinn, Estonia -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Methods and Data -- 10.3 Urban and Housing Policy Conditions for Spatial Change in Housing Estates -- 10.4 Socio-economic and Ethnic Trajectories of Neighbourhoods -- 10.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Residential Change and Socio-demographic Challenges for Large Housing Estates in Riga, Latvia -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Setting the Scene: Socio-economic and Spatial Transformation in Riga -- 11.3 Data and Methods -- 11.4 Soviet-Era Housing Estates in Riga -- 11.5 Demographic, Ethnic and Socio-economic Trajectories of Large Housing Estates in Riga -- 11.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Soviet Housing Estates in Vilnius, Lithuania: Socio-ethnic Structure and Future(-Less?) Perspectives -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Soviet Housing Estates and the Housing Structure of Vilnius -- 12.3 Brief Overview of Previous Studies -- 12.4 Data and Methods -- 12.5 Socio-ethnic Differentiation and Trajectories of Change in Vilnius.

12.5.1 Ethnic Structure -- 12.5.2 Age Structure -- 12.5.3 Educational Attainment -- 12.5.4 Occupational Structure -- 12.6 Detailed Spatial Level Analysis: Socio-ethnic Composition in 2011 -- 12.6.1 Ethnic Structure -- 12.6.2 Age Structure -- 12.6.3 Educational and Occupational Structure -- 12.7 Individual-Level Analysis: Social Dimensions of Ethnic Differentiation in Soviet-Era Apartments -- 12.8 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Complexities of Built Environments in Housing Estates -- 13 Incomplete Service Networks in Enduring Socialist Housing Estates: Retrospective Evidence from Local Centres in Estonia -- Abstract -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Planned Residential Districts in Socialist Cities -- 13.3 Service Networks Offer Function and Convenience -- 13.4 Service Networks Fall Short of Promises -- 13.5 Väike-Õismäe-An Unfinished Macrorayon -- 13.5.1 The Mikrorayon Takes Shape as a Planning Unit -- 13.5.2 From Mikrorayon to Makrorayon: Initial Planning Task for Väike-Õismäe -- 13.5.3 Planned Service Network of the 1968 Detailed Plan -- 13.5.4 The 1974 Revision of Väike-Õismäe Detailed Plan and the Construction Process -- 13.5.5 Debates About Socialist Urbanism in the 1970s -- 13.5.6 An Incomplete Residential Area Wins the Soviet State Architectural Prize -- 13.5.7 Väike-Õismäe Service Networks After the System Change -- 13.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Collectivist Ideals and Soviet Consumer Spaces: Mikrorayon Commercial Centres in Vilnius, Lithuania and Tallinn, Estonia -- Abstract -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 From Neighbourhood Planning and ABC Towns to Soviet Mikrorayon Centres -- 14.2.1 Mikrorayon Centres in Vilnius-From Žirmūnai to Šeškinė -- 14.3 ABC Centres in Mustamäe and Other Housing Estates in Tallinn -- 14.4 Conclusion: Mikrorayon Centres Function as Soviet Consumer Spaces -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Literature in Cyrillic Script -- Archival Materials -- 15 Between Community and Private Ownership in Centrally Planned Residential Space: Governing Parking in Socialist Housing Estates -- Abstract -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Centrally Managed Housing Estates: Vehicular Mobility Restriction Plans -- 15.3 Governing Housing Estates Through FOAs: The Challenges of Parking -- 15.4 Three Measures of Intervention in Parking in Housing Estates -- 15.5 Conclusion -- 15.6 List of Interviews -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Imagining the Future Lives of Housing Estates -- 16 State-Subsidised Refurbishment of Socialist Apartment Buildings in Estonia -- Abstract -- 16.1 Refurbishment Motivators -- 16.2 Estonian Apartment Building Stock -- 16.3 Energy Efficiency and the Current Technical State of Estonian Apartment Building Stock -- 16.4 Refurbishment Grant Schemes in Estonia -- 16.5 The Economic Impact Involved in Refurbishment Work on Apartment Buildings-National Economic Impact -- 16.6 The Impact upon Households of Refurbishment Work -- 16.7 Refurbishment Bottlenecks -- 16.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Retrofitting Soviet-Era Apartment Buildings with 'Smart City' Features: The H2020 SmartEnCity Project in Tartu, Estonia -- Abstract -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 The Smart City Approach -- 17.3 Retrofitting the SmartEnCity Housing Estate Districts in Tartu -- 17.3.1 Overview of the SmartEnCity Project in Tartu -- 17.3.2 Retrofit Plans for Apartment Buildings -- 17.3.3 SmartEnCity Stakeholders -- 17.4 Social Considerations of the SmartEnCity Project -- 17.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.