From Assessing to Conserving Biodiversity : : Conceptual and Practical Challenges.

• Superior document: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Series ; v.24
• Author: Casetta, Elena.
• TeilnehmendeR: Marques da Silva, Jorge.; Vecchi, Davide.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2019.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (455 pages)

Table of Contents

• From Assessing to Conserving Biodiversity
• Contents
• About the Contributors
• Part I: Estimating Biodiversity: Data Collection and Monitoring Challenges
• Chapter 1: Biodiversity Healing
• 1.1 Assessing and Diagnosing the Patient. Estimating Biodiversity: Data Collection and Monitoring Challenges
• 1.2 Are We Taking Care of the Right Patient? Characterising Biodiversity: Beyond the Species Approach
• 1.3 Treating the Patient. Conserving Biodiversity: From Science to Policies
• 1.4 The Way Ahead: Interdisciplinary Solutions to Biodiversity Healing
• References
• Chapter 2: The Hidden Biodiversity Data Retained in Pre-Linnaean Works: A Case Study with Two Important XVII Century Italian Entomologists
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Parasitoid and Predatory Wasps
• 2.3 Diacinto Cestoni's Letter
• 2.4 Gall Wasps and Other Gall Insects
• 2.5 Discussion
• References
• Chapter 3: Marine Biodiversity Databanks
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 What Does It Mean and What Does It Take to Know Biodiversity?
• 3.2.1 Our Current Knowledge of Biodiversity and the Difficulties It Faces
• 3.2.2 Improving Our Knowledge of Biodiversity via Cyber-Infrastructures
• 3.2.2.1 A Brief History of Biodiversity Databanks
• 3.2.2.2 Biodiversity Cyber-Infrastructures
• 3.2.2.3 What Are Data in Biodiversity Databanks?
• 3.3 Uses of Biodiversity Databanks
• 3.3.1 What Do Scientists Do with the Data They Retrieve from Biodiversity Databanks?
• 3.3.2 Databanks vs. Catalogs
• 3.3.3 Databanks' Organization and the Dynamics of Biodiversity Knowledge
• 3.4 On the Properties of Useful Biodiversity Databanks: Concluding Remarks
• References
• Chapter 4: Problems and Questions Posed by Cryptic Species. A Framework to Guide Future Studies
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Why It Is Important to Recognize Cryptic Species
• 4.3 How to Detect and Classify Cryptic Species.
• 4.3.1 Identification of Genetic Isolation and Biological Species
• 4.3.2 Morphological Differentiation
• 4.4 Identifying the Multiple Causes of Cryptic Species
• 4.4.1 Taxonomic Process
• 4.4.2 Other Causes Besides the Taxonomic Process
• 4.4.2.1 Recent Divergence
• 4.4.2.2 Deceleration in the Accumulation of Diagnostic Morphological Differences or in Morphological Divergence Relative to Genetic Divergence
• 4.4.3 How to Determine If a Cause Is Likely to Explain a CGI Case
• 4.5 Preliminary Results
• 4.6 Concluding Remarks on the Use of Morphospecies for Biodiversity Assessment
• References
• Chapter 5: The Importance of Scaling in Biodiversity
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 An Example from Fractals
• 5.3 Scaling and the Species-Area Relationship
• 5.4 Scaling and Species Abundance Distributions
• 5.5 Final Remarks
• References
• Chapter 6: Measures of Biological Diversity: Overview and Unified Framework
• 6.1 Richness
• 6.2 Entropies and Diversity
• 6.3 Effective Numbers
• 6.4 Parametric Measures of Diversity
• References
• Chapter 7: Essential Biodiversity Change Indicators for Evaluating the Effects of Anthropocene in Ecosystems at a Global Scale
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.1.1 The Need for Essential Biodiversity Variables
• 7.1.2 The Challenges of Biodiversity Change Indicators
• 7.1.3 The Need for Surrogates of Biodiversity Change
• 7.1.4 The Importance of Drivers Limiting or Impacting Biodiversity Change
• 7.1.5 The Nature and Intensity of the Drivers from the Past to the Future
• 7.2 Objective and Rationale
• 7.3 How to Choose Biodiversity Change Metrics in Relation to Driver's Intensity
• 7.3.1 Low Intensity Drivers may Change Biodiversity Metrics from Genetic Composition to Species Populations
• 7.3.2 Intermediate Intensity Drivers May Change Biodiversity Metrics from Species Traits to Community's Composition.
• 7.3.2.1 Intraspecific Trait Variation
• 7.3.2.2 Functional Trait Metrics
• 7.3.2.3 Multi-trait Metrics
• 7.3.2.4 Taxonomic Diversity Metrics
• 7.3.3 Surrogates of Ecosystem Structure and Functioning Change from Remote Sensing
• 7.4 Final Remarks
• References
• Part II: Characterizing Biodiversity: Beyond the Species Approach
• Chapter 8: Are Species Good Units for Biodiversity Studies and Conservation Efforts?
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Species as the Units of Biodiversity and Conservation
• 8.3 Why Species Are Not Good Units of Biodiversity and Conservation
• 8.4 What to Do with the Species Concept?
• 8.5 Concluding Remarks
• References
• Chapter 9: Why a Species-Based Approach to Biodiversity Is Not Enough. Lessons from Multispecies Biofilms
• 9.1 Microbial Biodiversity and Bacterial Modes of Living
• 9.2 How Multispecies Biofilms Increase Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity
• 9.3 Multispecies Biofilms as Drivers of Evolution
• 9.3.1 The Origin of Biodiversity
• 9.3.2 Are MPB and BSCs Evolutionary Individuals?
• 9.4 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 10: Considering Intra-individual Genetic Heterogeneity to Understand Biodiversity
• 10.1 Introduction to Intra-individual Genetic Heterogeneity
• 10.2 Examples of IGH
• 10.2.1 Mosaic Individuals
• 10.2.2 Chimeric Individuals
• 10.2.3 Mosaic vs. Chimeric Individuals
• 10.3 The Importance of IGH in Ecology and Evolution
• 10.3.1 The Metazoan Bias
• 10.3.2 Biological Organization, Hierarchy and Relevance
• 10.4 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 11: Biodiversity, Disparity and Evolvability
• 11.1 A Concern for Biodiversity: Evolution's Products at Risk
• 11.1.1 Beyond Species Number
• 11.1.2 Disparity vs. Diversity
• 11.1.3 Functional Diversity
• 11.1.4 Phylogeny vs. Function
• 11.1.5 Antiquarian Sensibility
• 11.2 Conserving Evolutionary Processes.
• 11.3 Evo-Devo: Evolvability, Robustness, Plasticity
• 11.4 A Lesson from Past Mass Extinctions?
• References
• Chapter 12: Probing the Process-Based Approach to Biodiversity: Can Plasticity Lead to the Emergence of Novel Units of Biodiversity?
• 12.1 Entity-Based and Process-Based Approaches Are Complementary
• 12.2 Entity-Based Approaches to Biodiversity Are Deficient
• 12.2.1 The Limits of Conservation Fundamentalism
• 12.2.2 Towards an Entity and Process-Based Approach to Conservation
• 12.3 Does a Process-Based Approach to Biodiversity Make Sense?
• 12.4 Can Phenotypic Plasticity Confer Evolutionary Potential?
• 12.4.1 A Model of Plasticity
• 12.5 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 13: Between Explanans and Explanandum: Biodiversity and the Unity of Theoretical Ecology
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 The Unity of Ecology
• 13.3 The Explanatory Reversibility of Diversity
• 13.4 Diversity as an Explanandum: Conceptual and Historical Aspects of the Ecological Coexistence Issue
• 13.5 Diversity as an Explanans
• 13.6 A "Conceptual Space" Approach to the Diversity Concept
• 13.7 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 14: Functional Biodiversity and the Concept of Ecological Function
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Ecological Functions and Levels of Selection
• 14.3 Ecological Functions in Functional Ecology
• 14.3.1 Ecological Context vs. Selective History
• 14.3.2 The Explanatory Aim of Ecological Functions
• 14.3.3 By-Products and the Notion of "Functioning as"
• 14.4 What Is an Ecological Function, Then?
• 14.5 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 15: Integrating Ecology and Evolutionary Theory: A Game Changer for Biodiversity Conservation?
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 On the Relationship Between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
• 15.2.1 Ecosystem Services in Brief.
• 15.2.2 Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity: Epistemological and Ethical Troubles
• 15.2.3 Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity: An Ecologist's Perspective
• 15.3 Eco-Evolutionary Feedback Theory
• 15.3.1 EEFB and Contemporary Evolution: Three Empirical Cases
• 15.3.1.1 Alewives and Zooplankton
• 15.3.1.2 Trinidad Guppies and Nutrients Cycling
• 15.3.1.3 Populus and Soil Nutrients Levels
• 15.3.2 EEFB, Niche Construction, and Ecosystem Engineering
• 15.3.3 EEFB and Environmentally-Mediated Gene-Associations
• 15.4 Eco-Evolutionary Feedback Theory: Some Consequences for Biodiversity Conservation
• 15.4.1 Ecosystem Engineers First?
• 15.4.2 Genetic Diversity: Better Safe than Sorry
• 15.4.3 EEFB Theory and Evolutionary-Enlightened Management
• 15.5 Conclusions
• References
• Part III: Conserving Biodiversity: From Science to Policies
• Chapter 16: On the Impossibility and Dispensability of Defining ''Biodiversity''
• 16.1 The Integrative Power of 'Biodiversity'
• 16.2 On Defining 'Biodiversity'
• 16.3 Representing Biodiversity
• 16.4 The Hybridization of Facts and Values in 'Biodiversity'
• 16.5 Conclusion: Biodiversity as an Absolute Metaphor
• References
• Chapter 17: The Vagueness of "Biodiversity" and Its Implications in Conservation Practice
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 The False Transparency of the Definition of Biodiversity
• 17.2.1 Diverging Definitions of "Biodiversity" Coexist
• 17.2.2 The Various Disciplinary Studies "of Biodiversity" Do Not Study the Same Things
• 17.2.3 The Various Disciplinary Studies "of Biodiversity" Presuppose that they Study Various Aspects of a Common Entity
• 17.2.4 Defining "Biodiversity" Thanks to the Notions of Diversity or Variety Is Insufficient to Identify such a Common Entity
• 17.3 How False Transparency Creates Concrete Problems for Conservation Science and Action.
• 17.3.1 The False Transparency of "Biodiversity" Can Impair the Coordination of Interacting Conservation Actions.