Volcanic Unrest : : From Science to Society.

Volcanic Unrest : : From Science to Society.

Show other versions (1)
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Superior document:Advances in Volcanology Series
:
Gottsmann, Joachim.
TeilnehmendeR:
Neuberg, Jürgen.
Scheu, Bettina.
Place / Publishing House:Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2019.
©2019.
Year of Publication:2019
Edition:1st ed.
Language:English
Series:Advances in Volcanology Series
Online Access:
Physical Description:1 online resource (313 pages)
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • 19 Volcanic Unrest and Pre-eruptive Processes: A Hazard and Risk Perspective
  • Abstract
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Motivation
  • 3 Volcanic Unrest: Scientific and Social Context
  • 4 Challenges and Key Questions Relating to Volcanic Unrest
  • 4.1 Wider Perspective
  • 4.2 Uncertain Causes and Uncertain Effects
  • 4.3 The Hazard and Risk Interface
  • Scientific Challenges
  • Societal Challenges
  • 4.4 Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
  • 5 Global and Regional Context of Volcanic Unrest
  • 5.1 Unrest Durations and Characteristics
  • 5.2 Socio-Economic Contexts
  • The Wider Perspective
  • Short-Term Crisis Example: The 1976-1977 La Soufrière of Guadeloupe Unrest
  • Long-Term Crises Examples: Soufrière Hills (Montserrat) and Tungurahua (Ecuador)
  • 6 Discussion
  • 6.1 The Caveats of Volcanic Unrest Response
  • 6.2 Some Ways Forward
  • 7 Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 29 The Role of Laws Within the Governance of Volcanic Risks
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Geological Background
  • 3 Risk Governance and Roles of Law
  • 3.1 The Creation of National Risk Governance Infrastructures
  • 3.2 The Creation of Duty and Rights
  • 3.3 The Creation of Powers
  • 3.4 The Creation of Regulators, Enforcement Powers and Scrutiny Venues
  • 3.5 The Role of International Law
  • 3.6 The Role of International Institutions and Agencies
  • 4 Conclusions
  • References
  • Legal Authorities and Case Law
  • 8 Deterministic Versus Probabilistic Volcano Monitoring: Not "or" But "and"
  • Abstract
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Forecasts based on Deterministic Research
  • 3 Probabilistic Forecasts
  • 4 Recommendations: Not "or" But "and"
  • 4.1 Expert Elicitation: A Solution?
  • 4.2 How to Interpret Uncertainties?
  • 4.3 Trust in Scientists?
  • 4.4 Towards Collaborative Volcano Monitoring
  • 5 Take Home Ideas
  • References.
  • 14 Probabilistic E-tools for Hazard Assessment and Risk Management
  • Abstract
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Volcanic Risk: Hazard, Vulnerability, and Value
  • E-tools for Volcanic Hazard and Risk Management
  • Storing Data
  • Hazard E-tools
  • Spatial Analysis
  • Temporal Analysis
  • Simulation Models
  • Vulnerability E-tool
  • Decision-Making
  • Discussion and Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 9 The Need to Quantify Hazard Related to Non-magmatic Unrest: From BET_EF to BET_UNREST
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 BET_UNREST Model and PyBetUnrest Tool
  • 3 BET_UNREST Applications
  • 3.1 Popocatépetl, Mexico: A Retrospective Application Based on the Popo-DataBase
  • 3.2 Cotopaxi, Ecuador: Retrospective Application Inspired by the VUELCO Simulation Exercise in Quito
  • 3.3 Dominica, West Indies, Lesser Antilles: VUELCO Simulation Exercise, Dominica, May 2015
  • 4 Discussion and Implications for Unrest Tracking
  • References
  • 33 Groundwater flow and volcanic unrest
  • Abstract
  • 1 Resumen
  • 2 Introduction
  • 3 Hydrothermal System
  • 3.1 Fluid flow
  • 3.1.1 Permeability and Porosity
  • 3.2 Chemical Reactions
  • 3.2.1 Reaction Controlling Parameters
  • 3.2.2 Fluid Composition
  • 3.2.3 Acidity of Hydrothermal Fluids
  • 3.2.4 Water/Rock Ratio
  • 3.2.5 Rock Type
  • 3.2.6 Pressure
  • 3.2.7 Temperature
  • 4 Hydrothermal Systems and Unrest
  • 5 Monitoring and Signals
  • 6 Open Questions-Important Unknowns
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 20 Experimental Simulations of Magma Storage and Ascent
  • Abstract
  • 1 Linking Geophysical and Geochemical Warning Signals to Magmatic Processes
  • 2 Magma Storage
  • 2.1 Decoding Natural Pyroclasts
  • 2.2 Phase-Equilibrium Experiments
  • 3 Magma Ascent
  • 3.1 Textures of Natural Pyroclasts
  • 3.2 Dynamic Experiments
  • 4 Future Directions
  • References.
  • 21 Magma Chamber Rejuvenation: Insights from Numerical Models
  • Abstract
  • 1 Extended English/Spanish abstract
  • 2 Introduction
  • 3 Numerical Simulations of Magma Chamber Rejuvenation
  • 3.1 Magmatic System
  • 3.2 Magma Dynamics
  • 3.3 Ground Deformation
  • 4 Discussion and Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Index
  • References
  • 30 Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger
  • Abstract
  • 1 Magma Mixing: A Brief Historical Overview
  • 2 Magma Mixing: Field Evidence
  • 3 Numerical and Experimental Studies: New Ideas for Deciphering the Complexity of Magma Mixing
  • 4 Geochemical Evidence of Magma Mixing/Mingling: An Example from the Campi Flegrei Volcanic Area
  • 5 Numerical Simulation of Magma Mingling and Mixing
  • 6 Magma Mixing Time Scale and Eruption Trigger
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 35 Gases as Precursory Signals: Experimental Simulations, New Concepts and Models of Magma Degassing
  • Abstract
  • 1 Magma Degassing and Volcanic Gases as Precursory Signals
  • 2 Experimental Simulations
  • 2.1 Basaltic Systems
  • 2.2 Rhyolitic Systems
  • 2.3 Summary of Experimental Evidence
  • 3 Modelling Disequilibrium Degassing
  • 3.1 The Diffusive Fractionation Model
  • 3.2 Coupling Between Diffusion and Vesiculation
  • 4 Implications for Gas Phase Compositions
  • 4.1 Available Data and Models
  • 4.2 Composition of Gas Bubbles
  • 5 Discussion and Perspectives for Gas Monitoring
  • 5.1 Degassing Processes
  • 5.2 Gases as Unrest Signals
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 36 Crystals, Bubbles and Melt: Critical Conduit Processes Revealed by Numerical Models
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 The Model
  • 2.1 Governing Equations
  • 2.2 Magma Composition
  • 2.3 Magma Viscosity-The Contribution of Crystals, Bubbles and Melt
  • 2.4 Brittle Failure of Melt
  • 2.5 Boundary Conditions
  • 3 Critical Conduit Processes.
  • 3.1 Using Magma Ascent Rates to Assess Model Sensitivity
  • 3.2 The Critical Model Parameters
  • 3.3 Matching Observations-Explosivity and Seismicity
  • 4 Pathways for Outgassing
  • 5 Summary and Implications
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 23 When Does Magma Break?
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Scaling the Viscous-to-Brittle Transition in Magmas
  • 2.1 Single-Phase Magmatic Liquids
  • 2.2 Extensions to Multiphase Magmas
  • 2.3 Apparent Non-newtonian Effects
  • 3 The Universal Breaking Timescales of Volcanic Liquids
  • 4 Laboratory-Scale Unrest Signals
  • References
  • 11 Volcano Seismology: Detecting Unrest in Wiggly Lines
  • Abstract
  • Abstract
  • Volcanic Unrest
  • Seismic Event Characterisation
  • Classification by Frequency Content
  • Classification by Waveform Similarity
  • The Source Mechanisms of Low Frequency Earthquakes
  • Forecasting Eruptive Activity
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 13 The Ups and Downs of Volcanic Unrest: Insights from Integrated Geodesy and Numerical Modelling
  • Abstract
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Implementing Complex Crustal Mechanics
  • Case Studies
  • Uturuncu
  • Cotopaxi
  • Soufrière Hills
  • Las Cañadas
  • Discussion
  • The Effect of Crustal Mechanics on Stress, Strain and Pressure
  • Hybrid Unrest and Source Characterisation
  • Application to Eruption Forecasting
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Index Terms
  • References
  • 12 Fluid Geochemistry and Volcanic Unrest: Dissolving the Haze in Time and Space
  • Abstract
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Magmatic-Hydrothermal Manifestations
  • Magma Degassing from Bottom to Top
  • Magma Degassing
  • When the Gas Hits the Water
  • The Other Liquid: Elemental Sulphur
  • Tracking Hydrothermal Unrest and Related Hazards: Methods from Case-Studies
  • From Quiescence to Unrest, to Phreatic Eruptions, to Magmatic Eruptions.
  • Turrialba, Costa Rica (2001-2016)
  • Cotopaxi, Ecuador (2015-2016)
  • Gas Impact and Acid Rain
  • Rock Leaching upon Weathering
  • Volcanic Lakes
  • Acid Peak-Activity Lakes in a State of Unrest
  • Volcanic Lake Response to External Triggers in the Absence of Magmatic Unrest
  • Take-Home Ideas: Implications for Geochemical Monitoring
  • References
  • 10 Geophysical Footprints of Cotopaxi's Unrest and Minor Eruptions in 2015: An Opportunity to Test Scientific and Community Preparedness
  • Abstract
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Cotopaxi Volcano
  • Monitoring Cotopaxi
  • Synthesis of the Geophysical Fingerprints of the Unrest
  • Geophysical Registry of Cotopaxi's Restlessness in 2015
  • Hydromagmatic Explosions/Strong Emissions of 14 August, 2015
  • Post 14 August, 2015: Open Conduit Degassing and Ash Emissions
  • Ash Componentry
  • Seismicity
  • Visual Observations and Secondary Effects
  • Interpretation and Model
  • The Science-Society Interface
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 34 Volcanic Unrest Simulation Exercises: Checklists and Guidance Notes
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Simulation Exercises and the Sendai Framework
  • 1.2 The Managerial and Scrutiny Dimensions of Risk
  • 1.2.1 Managerial Dimension
  • 1.2.2 Scrutiny Dimension
  • 1.3 Academic Support for Training and Simulation Exercises
  • 2 Methodology
  • 3 Background
  • 3.1 VUELCO Themes and Goals
  • 3.2 Checklists and Guidance Notes
  • 3.2.1 Checklists
  • 3.2.2 Guidance Notes
  • 4 Checklists (in bold italics) and Guidance Notes (in normal font)
  • 4.1 Planning
  • 4.2 Logistics
  • 4.3 The Volcano Team
  • 4.4 The Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC)
  • 4.5 The Risk Managers-Civil Protection Authorities (CPA)
  • 4.6 Observers/Auditors
  • 5 Discussion
  • 6 Conclusions
  • Disclaimer
  • References
  • Further reading sources on VHUB website.
  • AppendixVolcanic Unrest: Terminology and Definitions.

Similar Items