Emerging States at Crossroads.

• Superior document: Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies
• Author: Tsunekawa, Keiichi.
• TeilnehmendeR: Todo, Yasuyuki.
• Place / Publishing House: Singapore : : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,, 2018.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (298 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1 Emerging Challenges for Emerging States -- 1.1 Middle-Income Trap? -- 1.1.1 Early Debate Concerning Development and Underdevelopment -- 1.1.2 Globalization and Issues Concerning Emerging States -- 1.1.3 How to Cope with the Middle-Income Trap? -- 1.2 How to Cope with Social Disparity -- 1.2.1 Early Views on Social Disparity in the Developing Countries -- 1.2.2 Financial Crisis and Reformulation of Welfare Mechanisms -- 1.2.3 Sustainability of the New Social Welfare Schemes -- 1.3 Pressures for Political Opening -- 1.3.1 Early Debate Concerning Democratization in the Developing Countries -- 1.3.2 The Third Wave and Its Demise -- 1.3.3 Toward a Greater Political Uncertainty -- 1.4 Can Politics Manage Economic and Social Difficulties? -- References -- Middle-Income Trap and Beyond -- 2 Responses to the Middle-Income Trap in China, Malaysia, and Thailand -- 2.1 Rethinking the Middle-Income Trap -- 2.1.1 Studies on the "Middle-Income Trap" -- 2.1.2 Several Questions About the Discussion of the Middle-Income Trap -- 2.1.3 From "the East Asian Miracle" to "Innovative East Asia" -- 2.2 Higher Wages and Lower Labor Productivity -- 2.2.1 End of the Low-Cost Advantage Era -- 2.2.2 Labor Productivity in East Asia -- 2.3 Innovation and R&amp -- D in East Asia -- 2.3.1 R&amp -- D Activities in Asian NIES, ASEAN Countries, and China -- 2.3.2 Strategies to Avoid the Middle-Income Trap -- 2.4 Cases of China, Malaysia, and Thailand -- 2.4.1 China: ADB Policy Options -- 2.4.2 Malaysia: From "National Vision Plan" to a "New Economic Model" -- 2.4.3 Thailand: Pursuing Thai-ness and Next-Generation Industries -- 2.5 The Role of the State in New Challenges -- References -- 3 The Middle-Income Trap in the ASEAN-4 Countries from the Trade Structure Viewpoint -- 3.1 Middle-Income Trap and the ASEAN-4.

3.1.1 Arguments of MIT for East Asia -- 3.1.2 How Slow Is the Rate of the Trap Threshold? -- 3.1.3 Historical Growth of the ASEAN-4 -- 3.2 The Flying Geese Pattern from the NXR -- 3.2.1 Explanation of the FGP -- 3.2.2 FGP in Trade Structure -- 3.3 Export Structure of the ASEAN-4 -- 3.3.1 Malaysia -- 3.3.2 Thailand -- 3.3.3 Indonesia -- 3.3.4 The Philippines -- 3.4 Why Has Industrial Upgrading in the ASEAN-4 Stalled? -- 3.4.1 Resource Curse Hypothesis -- 3.4.2 Lack of Homegrown MNCs in the Manufacturing Sector -- 3.4.3 Two Alternative Approaches to Industrialization -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Emerging States in Latin America: How and Why They Differ from Their Asian Counterparts -- 4.1 Different Economic Performance -- 4.2 First-Order Causes: Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industries -- 4.3 Second-Order Causes: Political Economy -- 4.3.1 R&amp -- D and Education -- 4.3.2 Fixed Capital Formation -- 4.3.3 Capacity to Coordinate -- 4.3.4 Intraregional Transaction -- 4.3.5 Effectiveness of Public Administration -- 4.4 Root Causes: Historical Legacies -- 4.4.1 High Inequality and Weak Trust -- 4.4.2 Weak Intraregional Business Networks -- 4.4.3 Public Administration of Average Quality -- 4.4.4 High Consumption, Low Investment -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Economic and Political Networks and Firm Openness: Evidence from Indonesia -- 5.1 Hypotheses and Estimation Methods -- 5.1.1 Benefits of Globalization -- 5.1.2 Linkages Between Protectionism, Business and Political Networks, and Trust -- 5.1.3 Estimation Method -- 5.2 Data -- 5.2.1 Survey -- 5.2.2 Variables -- 5.2.3 Summary Statistics -- 5.3 Estimation Results -- 5.3.1 Benchmark Results -- 5.3.2 Alternative Measure of Political Ties -- 5.3.3 Discussion -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Industrial Technology Upgrading and Innovation Policies: A Comparison of Taiwan and Thailand.

6.1 Evolution of Manufacturing Industries in Taiwan and Thailand -- 6.1.1 Taiwan -- 6.1.2 Thailand -- 6.2 A Comparison of Taiwanese and Thai Policy Instruments Supporting Technology Upgrading and Innovation -- 6.2.1 Tax Incentives -- 6.2.2 Grants -- 6.2.3 Loans -- 6.2.4 Equity Financing -- 6.2.5 Capital Market Funding -- 6.3 Institutions Affecting Policy Formulation and Implementation -- 6.3.1 Unity and Capability of Government Bureaucracy -- 6.3.2 Perception of the Role of Government in Strengthening Private Firms -- 6.3.3 Corruption and Attitudes Toward Corruption -- 6.3.4 Laws, Regulations and Norms -- 6.3.5 Entrepreneurship -- 6.3.6 Trust -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Changing Resource-Based Manufacturing Industry: The Case of the Rubber Industry in Malaysia and Thailand -- 7.1 Outlook of the Rubber Industry in Malaysia and Thailand -- 7.2 Development of the Rubber Industry in Malaysia -- 7.2.1 Upstream Segment -- 7.2.2 Midstream Segment -- 7.2.3 Downstream Segment -- 7.3 The Development of the Rubber Industry in Thailand -- 7.3.1 Upstream Segment -- 7.3.2 Midstream Segment -- 7.3.3 Downstream Segment -- 7.4 Discussion and Implications -- References -- 8 Marketing Risks and Standards Compliance: Challenges in Accessing the Global Market for High-Value Agricultural and Aquacultural Industries -- 8.1 Marketing Risks: Pineapple Exporting Industry in Ghana and Thailand -- 8.1.1 Pineapple Industry in Ghana -- 8.1.2 Pineapple Industry in Thailand -- 8.2 Standards Compliance: Export Shrimp Aquaculture in Vietnam and Thailand -- 8.2.1 Shrimp Industry in Vietnam -- 8.2.2 Shrimp Industry in Thailand -- 8.3 Conclusion -- References -- Social and Political Dimensions -- 9 How Nations Resurge: Overcoming Historical Inequality in South Africa -- 9.1 South Africa as an African Middle-Income State -- 9.2 The Land Question and the History of Inequality.

9.3 The Rise of the "Black Middle Class" -- 9.4 Reform Deferred -- 9.5 Conclusion: Addressing Both Pressing Issues and Root Causes -- References -- 10 Education, Development, and Politics in South Korea -- 10.1 The Park Chung-Hee Framework for Human-Capital Development -- 10.1.1 Initial Stage: Expansion of Middle-School Education -- 10.1.2 Heavy and Chemical Industry: Expansion of Upper Secondary Education -- 10.1.3 Higher-Education Zeal and the Demand for Technical Experts in the Late 1970s -- 10.2 Science and Technology Development and Human Capital in Higher Education -- 10.2.1 Advancement to Science and Technology Development -- 10.2.2 Corporations' Demands and Students' Responses in the 1980s -- 10.3 Democratization and Bloated Higher Education -- 10.3.1 Transition to Democracy and Economic Liberalization -- 10.3.2 Transformation of University Policy and Swelling Higher-Education Enrollment -- 10.4 Enterprises and University Students in the Globalized Economy -- 10.4.1 Changes in the Economic Structure After the Asian Financial Crisis -- 10.4.2 The Dual Labor Markets and the Oversupply of University Graduates -- 10.5 The Government's Limited Response to Imbalanced Human Resources -- 10.5.1 Successive Governments' Responses to Economic Disparity -- 10.5.2 Development and the Institutionalization of the Political System -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Politics of Inequality in Indonesia: Does Democracy Matter? -- 11.1 Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia -- 11.2 Social Policies in Indonesia -- 11.3 Budget Allocations to Social Sectors -- 11.4 Budgetary Politics Under Indonesia's Democracy -- 11.5 Politics of Fuel-Subsidy Cuts Under the Yudhoyono Presidency -- 11.6 The Rise of Populist President and Redistribution -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References.

12 Civil-Military Relations in an Emerging State: A Perspective from Indonesia's Democratic Consolidation -- 12.1 Military Politics Under Democratic Consolidation -- 12.1.1 Yudhoyono's Military Management -- 12.1.2 Preservation of the TNI's Vested Interests -- 12.1.3 MOOTW and the War on Terrorism -- 12.2 Civil-Military Relations Under the Jokowi Presidency -- 12.2.1 Jokowi's Military -- 12.2.2 Politics of Gatot -- 12.3 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Democratization and the Military in Thailand -- 13.1 Bhumibol Regime at Bay -- 13.1.1 Birth of a Regime -- 13.1.2 Decline of the Regime -- 13.2 The 2006 Coup and the Rise of the "Tigers of the East" -- 13.2.1 Thai Military in Politics -- 13.3 A Coup on September 19, 2006 -- 13.4 Rise of the 2nd Infantry Division and the 2014 Coup -- 13.4.1 Rise of the 2nd Infantry Division -- 13.4.2 The 2014 Coup and "Transition" -- 13.5 Political Prospects -- 13.5.1 Assertive Monarch -- 13.5.2 Fighting Against Democracy for the Monarchy -- References -- Index -- Correction to: Emerging States at Crossroads -- Correction to: K. Tsunekawa and Y. Todo (eds.), Emerging States at Crossroads, Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2859-6 -- Blank Page.