Biodiversity Conservation and Phylogenetic Systematics : : Preserving Our Evolutionary Heritage in an Extinction Crisis.

• Superior document: Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation Series ; v.14
• Author: Pellens, Roseli.
• TeilnehmendeR: Grandcolas, Philippe.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2016.; ©2016.
• Year of Publication: 2016
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (396 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Phylogenetics and Conservation Biology: Drawing a Path into the Diversity of Life -- Questions -- Methods -- Applications -- References -- Part I: Questions -- The Value of Phylogenetic Diversity -- Introduction -- A Maze of Measures -- One of Many Biodiversities -- Measures We Rule Out -- Surrogates of Biodiversity -- Anthropogenic Variables -- The Main Candidates -- Species Diversity and Species Richness -- Function and Morphology -- Genetic Diversity -- Phylogenetics and Phylogenetic Diversity -- The Roles of Phylogenetic Diversity -- Moral Justifications for a General Measure of Biodiversity? -- Intrinsic Value -- Human Emotional Responses to the Natural World -- Instrumental Value -- Phylogenetic Diversity as a General Measure of Biodiversity -- Conclusion -- References -- The PD Phylogenetic Diversity Framework: Linking Evolutionary History to Feature Diversity for Biodiversity Conservation -- Introduction -- Calculations and Comparisons -- Simple Calculations Based on PD -- Complementarity: A Key PD Attribute -- Calculations Using Phylogenetic Distinctiveness Fail to Integrate Complementarity -- Prospects -- References -- Reconsidering the Loss of Evolutionary History: How Does Non-random Extinction Prune the Tree-of-Life? -- Introduction -- Speciation and Extinction as Two Natural Processes -- Shifting the Balance Towards a Low-Diversity Earth -- Extinction Trends -- Extinction Drivers: Animals Versus Plants -- Extrinsic Versus Intrinsic Factors -- Extinction Drivers in Animals -- Extinction Drivers in Plants -- The Importance of Phylogeny in Conservation -- Why We Need to Evaluate Extinction Risk within a Phylogenetic Framework -- Practical Contribution of Phylogeny to Conservation -- Extinction and the Loss of Evolutionary History.

Phylogenetic Structure in Extinction Risks -- Quantifying the Loss of Evolutionary History -- Feature Diversity and Evolutionary Models of Character Change -- Conclusion -- References -- Phylogenetics and Conservation in New Zealand: The Long and the Short of It -- Introduction -- Long Branches and Their Biological Meaning -- Birds on Long Branches -- On a Reptilian Limb -- Long Branches and Phylogenetic Diversity -- Phylogenetic Extremities -- Conclusions -- References -- What Is the Meaning of Extreme Phylogenetic Diversity? The Case of Phylogenetic Relict Species -- Introduction -- What Then, Is a Relict Species? -- What a Relict Species Is Not? -- Are Relict Species Evolutionarily Frozen? -- Is There a Geographical or a Climatic Component to the Notion of Relictness? -- Relictness: A Relative Notion and the Need for Formal Analyses -- Relicts and Ecosystem Functioning -- Relict Species and Present Extinction Risks -- Relict Species and Conservation Biology: A Final Appraisal -- References -- Part II: Methods -- Using Phylogenetic Dissimilarities Among Sites for Biodiversity Assessments and Conservation -- Introduction -- How the ED Method Converts PD-Dissimilarities to Estimates of Gains and Losses -- A Simple Graphical Description of ED for the Single Gradient Case -- Properties of the Ferrier et al. formula -- Maximization of Complementary Richness (MCR) -- Discussion -- Hierarchical Clustering -- Persistence Versus Representativeness -- Simulation Methods -- GEO BON -- References -- Phylogenetic Diversity Measures and Their Decomposition: A Framework Based on Hill Numbers -- Introduction -- Classic Measures and Their Phylogenetic Generalizations -- Generalized Entropies -- Phylogenetic Generalized Entropies -- Hill Numbers and Their Phylogenetic Generalizations -- Hill Numbers and the Replication Principle.

Phylogenetic Hill Numbers and Related Measures -- Replication Principle for Phylogenetic Diversity Measures -- Decomposition of Phylogenetic Diversity Measures -- Normalized Phylogenetic Similarity Measures -- An Example -- Conclusion -- References -- Split Diversity: Measuring and Optimizing Biodiversity Using Phylogenetic Split Networks -- Introduction -- Phylogenetic Split Networks -- The Measure of Split Diversity -- Biodiversity Optimization Problems -- Taxon Selection Problems -- Reserve Selection Problems -- Computational Methods in Conservation Planning -- Greedy Algorithms -- Integer Programming -- IP for Taxon Selection Problems -- IP for Reserve Selection Problems -- Other Algorithms -- Computer Software -- SplitsTree -- PDA: Phylogenetic Diversity Analyzer -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- Appendix -- References -- The Rarefaction of Phylogenetic Diversity: Formulation, Extension and Application -- Introduction -- Formulation -- Extension -- Application -- Standardisation of Sampling -- Phylogenetic Evenness -- Phylogenetic Beta-Diversity -- Phylogenetic Dispersion -- Future Directions -- Conclusion -- References -- Support in Area Prioritization Using Phylogenetic Information -- Conservation Planning -- Indexes Used -- Jack-Knife -- Jack-Knife in Conservation -- Optimal Scenario -- Proposed Protocol -- Number of Replicates -- Empirical Examples -- First Case: The Original Ranking Does Not Mean Support -- Second Case: The Support for the Original Ranking -- References -- Assessing Hotspots of Evolutionary History with Data from Multiple Phylogenies: An Analysis of Endemic Clades from New Caledonia -- Introduction -- Assessing Hotspots of Evolutionary Distinctiveness in New Caledonia -- Material and Methods -- Data and Sampling -- Metric and Corrections for Bias -- Resampling Analysis -- Results.

The Role of the Number of Phylogenies on Site Scores -- The Influence of Species Richness on Site Scores -- Influence of Individual Phylogenies -- Resampling Multiple Phylogenies: How Stable Are the Results? -- Consideration of Individual Sites -- Discussion -- Methodological Considerations -- Some Considerations About the Sites Prioritized -- Future Perspectives -- References -- Part III: Applications -- Representing Hotspots of Evolutionary History in Systematic Conservation Planning for European Mammals -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Case Study Setup -- Results -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Priorities for Conservation of the Evolutionary History of Amphibians in the Cerrado -- Introduction -- Methods -- Study Area -- Data Used and Pre-processing -- Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Global Spatial Analyses of Phylogenetic Conservation Priorities for Aquatic Mammals -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Metapopulation Capacity Meets Evolutionary Distinctness: Spatial Fragmentation Complements Phylogenetic Rarity in Prioritization -- Introduction -- Evolutionary Distinctness -- Spatial Analysis -- Metapopulation Capacity -- Island Biogeography -- Methods and Materials -- Global Self-Consistent Hierarchical High-Resolution Shoreline Data -- Digital Distribution Maps of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Summary -- Island Studies -- Next Steps -- References -- Patterns of Species, Phylogenetic and Mimicry Diversity of Clearwing Butterflies in the Neotropics -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- The Neotropics -- Study Groups and Phylogenies -- Mimicry Classification -- Species Distribution -- Species, Mimicry and Phylogenetic Diversity -- Results -- Discussion.

Hotspots of Species Richness and Phylogenetic Diversity in the Neotropics -- Müllerian Mimicry: Patterns of Diversity and Community Vulnerability -- Conclusion -- References -- Conservation of Phylogenetic Diversity in Madagascar's Largest Endemic Plant Family, Sarcolaenaceae -- Introduction -- Madagascar -- Biodiversity Conservation in Madagascar -- Sarcolaenaceae as a Model Group -- Material and Methods -- Phylogenetic Data -- Measures and Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Sarcolaenaceae as a Model Group for Conservation in Madagascar -- Measures of Biodiversity and Madagascar's Network of Protected Areas -- Conclusion -- References -- The Future of Phylogenetic Systematics in Conservation Biology: Linking Biodiversity and Society -- In Phase with Modern Systematics and NGS Methods: The Tree First, Then the Species -- Impacts on Biodiversity Conservation -- Phylogenetic Diversity as a Basis for Defining "Planetary Boundaries" for Biodiversity -- References -- Index.