Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine : : Principles and Procedures.

• Superior document: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy Series
• Author: Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka.
• TeilnehmendeR: Wallmann, Christian.; Wilde, Michael.; Clarke, Brendan.; Illari, Phyllis.; Kelly, Michael P.; Norell, Charles.; Russo, Federica.; Shaw, Beth.; Williamson, Jon.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2018.; Ã2018.
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (131 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abstract -- Part I Why Consider Mechanisms? -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What is the Key Evidence? -- 1.2 The Process of Evaluating Evidence -- 1.3 Our Approach to Evaluating Evidence -- References -- 2 An Introduction to Mechanisms -- 2.1 Mechanisms at a Glance -- 2.2 What is a Mechanism? -- 2.3 Why Consider Evidence of Mechanisms? -- References -- 3 How to Consider Evidence of Mechanisms: An Overview -- 3.1 Questions to Address -- 3.2 Quality of Evidence and Status of Claim -- 3.3 Overall Approach -- References -- Part II Tools for Working with Mechanisms -- 4 Tools -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Is Your Policy Really Evidence-Based? -- 4.3 Mechanisms in Clinical Research Appraisal Tool -- 4.4 Mechanisms in Basic Science Research Appraisal Tool -- 4.5 Critical Appraisal Tool for Evidence of Mechanisms -- 4.6 GRADE-Style Tables for Mechanism Assessment -- 4.7 Public Health and Social Care Tool -- References -- Part III Core Principles -- 5 Gathering Evidence of Mechanisms -- 5.1 Identify Specific Mechanism Hypotheses -- 5.2 Formulate the Review Questions -- 5.3 Search the Literature -- 5.4 Refine Results of the Search -- 5.5 Presenting the Evidence of Mechanisms -- 5.6 Worked Example on Probiotics and Dental Caries -- References -- 6 Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Evaluating Mechanistic Studies -- 6.3 Determining the Status of the General Mechanistic Claim -- 6.4 Presenting the Quality of Evidence of Mechanisms -- References -- 7 Using Evidence of Mechanisms to Evaluate Efficacy and External Validity -- 7.1 Efficacy -- 7.2 External Validity -- 7.3 Presenting the Status of a Causal Claim -- References -- Part IV Particular Applications -- 8 Assessing Exposures -- 8.1 Comparison to IARC -- 8.2 Comparison to SYRINA -- References.

9 Assessing Mechanisms in Public Health -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Public Health and Evidence-Based Medicine in the UK -- 9.3 Statistical Associations and Correlations in Public Health -- 9.4 Recurrent Public Health Problems -Non-communicable Disease in the Present -- 9.5 The Individual Level and the Population Level -- 9.6 The Biological Level and the Social Level -- 9.7 Mechanisms of Disease and Mechanisms of Prevention -- References -- 10 Particularisation to an Individual -- References.