International Aid and Urban Change : : Humanitarian Presence in Bamako, Abidjan, Nairobi and Juba.

• Author: de Roulet, Pablo.
• Place / Publishing House: Bern : : Peter Lang AG International Academic Publishers,, 2022.; ©2022.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (366 pages)

This work analyses the presence of humanitarian workers in African cities as a process of urban transformation. Humanitarian presence modifies the built environment and social relations. It results in development of economic activities targeted for expatriates while increasing an already unequal access to housing and privatisation of public space.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Copyright Information -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Questions -- 1.2 Case Studies -- 1.3 Theory -- 1.4 Chapters -- Chapter 2 Theory and Method -- 2.1 State of the Art -- 2.1.1 Aid, Security and Space -- 2.1.2 Aid Workers and the Built Environment -- 2.1.3 Procedures, Design and Security -- 2.1.4 Urban Form and Segregation -- 2.1.5 Organisational Discipline and Its Spatial Consequences -- 2.2 Theoretical Framework -- 2.2.1 Landscape: Panorama, Viewers and Viewpoints -- 2.2.2 Social and Material Layer -- 2.2.3 The Aid Industry as a Social Field -- 2.2.4 Norms and Transformations -- 2.3 Research Methodology: Four Case Studies and Diverse Techniques -- 2.3.1 Methods, Techniques and Tools -- 2.3.2 Methodology: General Strategy and Physical Access to Sites of Research -- 2.3.3 Techniques: Practical and Analytical Articulations -- Deontology: Ethics as a Technical Element -- Organisational Secrets -- 2.3.4 Observation and Collection of Data -- Collected Data: Written Documents and Maps -- Created Data -- Interviews -- Visual Methods: Drawings, Maps, Chorèmes -- 2.3.5 Tools -- 2.3.6 The Body as a Technical Ensemble: Interface between Methods, Techniques and Tools -- Chapter 3 The Aid Industry: Social Field and Spatial Habitus -- 3.1 International Aid and the History of Capitalism -- 3.1.1 Neoliberal Ideology -- 3.1.2 Project Management -- 3.2 Reliance on the Private Sector for Goals and Models -- 3.3 Statistics of Funding, Personnel and Sites of Operations -- 3.4 Funding for Interventions -- 3.5 Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Presence -- 3.6 Workforce Data: Job Websites and UN Board -- 3.6.1 UN Board Data: The Classes of Humanitarian Workers -- 3.6.2 Sites and Staff -- 3.6.3 Highlight on Capital Cities -- 3.7 Security Gaze -- 3.7.1 Strategic Papers, Research and Policy Documents.

3.7.2 Security Manuals -- 3.7.3 UN Field Security Handbook -- 3.7.4 Codes of Conduct and the Non-Spatial Ethics of International Aid -- 3.7.5 Training and Storytelling -- 3.7.6 Training the Good Soldiers of Humanitarianism -- 3.7.7 Storytelling and Role Play -- Role play -- Chapter 4 Panorama -- 4.1 Contexts of Political Violence -- 4.1.1 The Conflict in Mali -- 4.1.2 South Sudan and the Never-Ending Wars -- 4.1.3 The Regional Hub and the War on Terror in Kenya -- 4.1.4 War and Politics in Ivory Coast -- 4.2 Violence and Numbers -- 4.3 African Cities and Four Case Studies -- 4.3.1 Population Growth and Spatial Expansion in Bamako Juba Abidjan and Nairobi -- 4.3.2 Visibility of Infrastructure -- 4.3.3 Moorings -- 4.3.4 Bamako -- 4.3.5 Abidjan -- 4.3.6 Juba -- 4.3.7 Nairobi -- 4.4 The Local Population and the Right to the City -- Chapter 5 Landscape of War -- Chapter 6 The Layer -- 6.1 City Scale: Available Space, Social Fragmentation and Airports -- 6.1.1 Juba -- 6.1.2 Bamako -- 6.1.3 Abidjan -- 6.2 Virtual Spaces -- 6.2.1 Zoning: Forbidden Areas -- Colour Symbolism -- Nairobi Blue -- Bamako in Red and Green -- Residential and Office Areas in Abidjan -- 6.2.2 Through the Lens of Bad News -- 6.3 The Built Environment and Social Relations -- 6.3.1 Compounds -- 6.3.2 Hotels -- Hotel Managers and Their Strategies in the Aid Market -- Hotel Industry in Bamako -- 6.3.3 Houses and Apartments -- Security and Luxury Residences -- Living Allowance and Residential Choices -- Urban Quality -- Prices and Standards -- 6.3.4 The Aid Layer and Local Security Practices -- Armed Violence and Collective Security in Juba -- Defensive Designs and Fears of Crime in Nairobi -- Mirror Fears in Bamako -- 6.3.5 Supermarkets and Malls -- 6.4 The Locals and the Cash Flow -- 6.4.1 Property Owners -- 6.4.2 Public Institutions -- 6.4.3 Transport and Other Services.

6.4.4 Fixers for Houses and Apartments -- 6.4.5 Hotel Employees -- 6.4.6 Balance of Salaries and Costs of Living -- 6.4.7 Service and Gendered Relationships -- 6.4.8 Rebuttals and Frictions -- Chapter 7 Transformations -- 7.1 Shaking Local Urban Economy -- 7.1.1 Local Employment -- The End of Direct Employment -- The Wide Variety of Indirect Employment and Businesses -- 7.1.2 Privatisation of Public Services -- Schools in Family Duty Stations -- Dual Health Services -- A Splintering of Public Services for the Future? -- 7.1.3 The Built Environment in the Local Economy -- Fears of Rent Increases -- Foreseeable Future for the Uses of a Renewed Built Environment -- 7.2 Control and Power in the Public Space -- 7.2.1 Road Blocks and Sand Bastions in the Street -- 7.2.2 The Radisson Hotel and the Levels of the State -- 7.2.3 Fragmented Upgrades in the Public Domain -- 7.2.4 Scales of Intervention -- 7.3 Aesthetics of Defensive Design -- 7.3.1 Spikes of All Sizes -- 7.3.2 Cars as Symbols -- 7.4 Outcomes in Abidjan -- Chapter 8 Synthesis -- Chapter 9 Conclusion -- List of Figures -- Bibliography.