Safety in the Digital Age : : Sociotechnical Perspectives on Algorithms and Machine Learning.

• Superior document: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology Series
• Author: Le Coze, Jean-Christophe.
• TeilnehmendeR: Antonsen, Stian.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer,, 2023.; ©2023.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (135 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Contents -- 1 Safety in a Digital Age: Old and New Problems-Algorithms, Machine Learning, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence -- References -- 2 The Digitalisation of Risk Assessment: Fulfilling the Promises of Prediction? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Assessing and Computing Risks -- 2.3 Layers of Transformation: A Historical Perspective on Digitalisation -- 2.3.1 Mathematical Models: Technologies of Computing -- 2.3.2 Datafication -- 2.3.3 Computational Risk Assessment: The Integrated Vision -- 2.4 Discussion -- References -- 3 Key Dimensions of Algorithmic Management, Machine Learning and Big Data in Differing Large Sociotechnical Systems, with Implications for Systemwide Safety Management -- 3.1 Roadmap and Introduction -- 3.2 Limitations of "Automation" as a Covering Concept -- 3.3 Developers' Perspective on a New Software Application -- 3.4 What's the Upshot for System Safety? Obsolescence as a Long-Term Sociotechnical Concern -- 3.5 A Concluding Speculation on When System Safety is Breached -- References -- 4 Digitalisation, Safety and Privacy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Individualised Digital Tools and Privacy at Work -- 4.2.1 An Empirical Analysis -- 4.3 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 5 Design and Dissemination of Blockchain Technologies: The Challenge of Privacy -- 5.1 A First Privacy Test: Defining Governance -- 5.1.1 The Appointment of a Controller, a "Test" for the Consortium -- 5.1.2 A Form of Recentralisation Contrary to the Imagination of Blockchain Designers -- 5.1.3 The Compromise of Choosing the Consortium Blockchain -- 5.2 Second Privacy Test: Management of Personal Data -- 5.2.1 Setting up an Off-Chain System to Store the Data -- 5.2.2 Data Minimisation -- 5.3 Third Privacy Test: A User Pathway Tested for Explicability and Security -- 5.3.1 Three Requests for Consent -- 5.3.2 An Opaque Security Key System.

5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Considering Severity of Safety-Critical System Outcomes in Risk Analysis: An Extension of Fault Tree Analysis -- 6.1 Motivation -- 6.2 Background -- 6.3 Objective -- 6.4 Review of Traditional FTA -- 6.5 A Consequence Severity-Probability Importance Measure Algorithm for FTA -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Are We Going Towards "No-Brainer" Safety Management? -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning -- 7.1.2 Monitoring of Early Deviations and Past Events -- 7.2 Examples of AI-Based Prediction -- 7.2.1 Consequence Class Associated with a Hazardous Material Release -- 7.2.2 Wellhead Damage Frequency in a Drilling Rig -- 7.2.3 Alarm Chattering in an Ammonia Plant -- 7.3 Method -- 7.3.1 Metrics -- 7.4 Results and Discussion -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Looking at the Safety of AI from a Systems Perspective: Two Healthcare Examples -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Challenges Old and New -- 8.3 Example 1: AI-based infusion pumps for IV medication administration -- 8.4 Example 2: AI to support the recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Normal Cyber-Crises -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Normal Accidents and High Reliability Organisations -- 9.3 Analysis -- 9.3.1 Technology -- 9.3.2 Cognition -- 9.3.3 Organisation -- 9.3.4 Macro -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Information Security Behaviour in an Organisation Providing Critical Infrastructure: A Pre-post Study of Efforts to Improve Information Security Culture -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Background -- 10.1.2 Aims -- 10.1.3 Previous Research -- 10.2 Methods -- 10.2.1 Qualitative Interviews -- 10.2.2 Quantitative Survey -- 10.2.3 Samples -- 10.3 Results -- 10.3.1 IS Management System Implementation -- 10.3.2 Improvements in ISC -- 10.3.3 Improvements in Information Security Behaviour.

10.4 Discussion -- 10.4.1 The Implementation of ISMS -- 10.4.2 How Can We Explain the Improvements in Information Security Culture? -- 10.4.3 How Can We Explain the Improvements in Information Security Behaviours? -- 10.4.4 Safety Culture Versus Security Culture -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- 11 AI at Work, Working with AI. First Lessons from Real Use Cases -- 11.1 Artificial Intelligence at Work: Five Workers Stories -- 11.2 From Stories to Real Cases: What Working with AI Could Mean -- 11.2.1 Five Workers Stories Put to Test of Real World -- 11.3 Discussion: AI, Organisation, Workers and Safety -- References -- 12 Safety in the Digital Age-Sociotechnical Challenges -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 What is a "Sociotechnical Perspective"? -- 12.2 Sociotechnical Challenges -- 12.2.1 Where is "The System"? The Migration of Risk -- 12.2.2 The Relations of Rationalities -- 12.2.3 The Big Picture Versus Empirical Specificities ("Moving Closer" and "Zooming Out") -- 12.3 Looking Forward -- References.