Values - Politics - Religion : : In-Depth Analysis - Interdisciplinary Perspectives - Future Prospects.

• Superior document: Philosophy and Politics - Critical Explorations Series ; v.26
• Author: Polak, Regina.
• TeilnehmendeR: Rohs, Patrick.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2023.; ©2023.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Philosophy and Politics - Critical Explorations Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (536 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Country Codes and Clusters -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 About This Study -- 1.2 Timeliness and Relevance -- 1.3 The European Values Study -- 1.4 Description of the Volume -- 1.4.1 Concepts -- 1.4.2 Empirical Research Questions -- 1.4.3 Interdisciplinary and Explorative Character -- 1.4.4 Structure -- 1.4.5 Research Process -- 1.4.6 Goals and Target Groups -- 1.5 Summaries -- References -- Part I: Basic Research -- Chapter 2: Values: A Contested Concept. Problem Outline and Interdisciplinary Approaches -- 2.1 Introduction: Objectives and Structure -- 2.2 The Concept of Values in the Context of Our Volume -- 2.3 Thematical Problem Outline -- 2.3.1 The Relevance of Empirical Values Research -- 2.3.2 The Normative Question: Ethical and Unethical Values? -- 2.3.3 The Question of Universal Values -- 2.3.4 European Values -- Genesis -- Content -- Values and Their Political Functions -- Value Conflicts -- The Conceptual Chaos: Problem or Opportunity? -- Summary -- 2.3.5 Values and Religion -- Relationship Between Religion and Values -- Religion as an Identity Marker -- Values as the New Religion? -- 2.4 Values: Interdisciplinary Approaches and Academic Contributions -- 2.4.1 The Genesis of the Concept of Values -- Economic Origins -- The Nineteenth Century -- Twentieth and Twenty-First Century -- 2.4.2 Academic Approaches -- Overview -- Sociological Approaches -- Philosophical and Ethical Approaches -- Values as a 'Formal Indicator' ('Formalanzeige')? -- Theological Approaches and 'Christian Values' -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: A Critical History of the Use of 'European Values' -- 3.1 A Critical Approach -- 3.2 The Conservative and Christian Cold War Origins of European Values -- 3.3 From a European Identity to a 'Social Europe' (1970s to Late 1990s).

3.4 The Rise of European Values (From the Late 1990s to the Present) -- 3.5 The Return of the Past: A Clash Between European Values and Their Origins -- 3.6 Contesting Values -- References -- Chapter 4: Transformations in the Religious and Moral Landscape in Europe? -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Link Between Religion and Morality -- 4.3 Religion as a Source of End-of-Life Morality -- 4.4 Declining Impact and Shifting Moral Sources? -- 4.5 What the Data Reveal -- 4.6 Path Dependency -- 4.6.1 The Nordic Countries -- 4.6.2 Western Europe -- 4.6.3 Southern Europe -- 4.6.4 Eastern Europe (Ex-Communist Countries) -- 4.6.5 Ex-Soviet Union -- 4.7 Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Part II: In-Depth Analysis -- Chapter 5: Political Values and Religion: A Comparison Between Western and Eastern Europe -- 5.1 Introduction - Political Values and Political Culture as the Nucleus of Stable Democracies -- 5.2 Political Culture and Understanding of Democracy - Theories and Conceptions -- 5.2.1 Understanding of Democracy -- 5.2.2 Theory of Political Culture Research -- 5.2.3 Socialisation of Political and Social Values -- 5.2.4 Hypotheses About the Formation of Democratic Political Values and Attitudes -- 5.3 Spread of Democratic Political Culture in Europe -- 5.3.1 Distrust in Political Elites, and Occasionally a Yearning for Leaders -- 5.3.2 Diverging Values - Diverging Understandings of Democracy? -- 5.3.3 Core Values, Frustration, Legitimacy, and Political Trust? -- 5.3.4 Interim Conclusion - The Return of Different Political Values -- 5.4 … and Religion? -- 5.4.1 Secularisation, Pluralisation, and Religious Revitalisation? -- 5.4.2 Religious and Political Values - Signs of Covariance? -- 5.4.3 Interim Conclusion - More Secularisation, More Religious Pluralisation, More Prejudice?.

5.5 Conclusion - Democracy and Regression of Religion in Eastern Europe? -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 6: Religion, Values and Politics: The Effect of Religiosity on Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Muslims -- 6.1 Purpose, Objectives, and Context -- 6.2 Theoretical Framework -- 6.2.1 The Development of Religion in Europe from the Perspectives of Theories of the Sociology of Religion -- 6.2.2 Religion, Politics, and Values -- 6.3 Effect of Religiosity on Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Muslims -- 6.3.1 The Effect of Religious Self-Assessment and Sociodemographic Variables on the Rejection of Immigrants and Muslims -- 6.3.2 The Effect of Political Self-Positioning on the Rejection of Immigrants and Muslims -- 6.3.3 A Socioreligious Typology (Cluster Analysis) -- 6.3.4 Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Muslims Based on the Socioreligious Typology -- 6.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Solidarity: A European Value? -- 7.1 Introduction - Is Solidarity in Europe at Risk? -- 7.2 The Concept of Solidarity -- 7.2.1 Socio-structural Foundations for Individual-Level Solidarity -- 7.2.2 Solidarity and Group Identification -- 7.2.3 Forms and Recipients of Solidarity -- 7.2.4 Short- and Long-Term Trajectories in Solidarity Levels -- 7.3 Methodological Approach of the Chapter -- 7.4 Data and Measures -- 7.4.1 Data Availability -- 7.4.2 Measuring Solidarity -- 7.4.3 Sharpening Our Measure of Solidarity -- 7.5 Solidarity and Geographical Identification -- 7.6 Country and Time Comparisons of Solidarity Levels -- 7.7 Exploring the Relation of External Factors to Societal Solidarity Levels -- 7.8 Discussion and Conclusion -- 7.8.1 Limitations of Our Study -- 7.8.2 A Summary and Some Possible Interpretations -- 7.8.3 Conclusion -- Appendix (Figs. 7.4 and 7.5) -- References.

Chapter 8: The Invisibles: Religious and Political Values Among Different Social Classes -- 8.1 Sociology of Social Classes, the Poor, and Underprivileged -- 8.2 The Values of the Disadvantaged: Assumptions and Methodology -- 8.3 Who Are the 'Precarious'? -- 8.4 Precariousness and Religious Attitudes -- 8.4.1 Global Religiosity According to Social Position -- 8.4.2 Precarious People Believe a Little More in God -- 8.4.3 Precarious People Believe More in a Future Beyond This World -- 8.4.4 Precarious People Are a Little More Often Followers of a Religion and a Little More Assiduous in the Practice of Their Religion -- 8.5 Precariousness and Political Attitudes -- 8.5.1 More Individualistic But Less Individualised Precariousness -- 8.5.2 Low Politicisation Level of Precarious People -- 8.5.3 Strong Political Discontent of the Precarious, Low Political Participation -- 8.5.4 Low Trust in Others and in Institutions -- 8.5.5 Not Very Sensitive to the Left-Right Divide and More Often to the Right -- 8.5.6 Xenophobia and Strong Nationalism Among Vulnerable Populations -- 8.5.7 A Very Relative Attachment to Democratic Values -- 8.5.8 Precarious People Who Are a Little More Social and Less in Favour of Economic Liberalism -- 8.5.9 Intolerance of Deviance: Small Differences by Social Position -- 8.5.10 How Have the Political Values of the Precarious Evolved Over the Last 40 Years? -- 8.6 Summary -- References -- Part III: Interdisciplinary Perspectives -- Chapter 9: Ethical and Theological Approaches to the Value Discourses in Europe -- 9.1 The Rise and Fall of the Concept of Value in Philosophy and Ethics - A Historical Problem Outline -- 9.2 The Political Context of the European Value Discourse -- 9.3 The European Union as an 'Imagined Community' -- 9.4 Historical and Political Contextualisation in European Integration After 1945.

9.4.1 Values in the Context of the Far-Reaching Integration Plans 1948-1954 -- 9.4.2 The Phase of Economic Integration and the Gradual Recognition of a Value Vacuum -- 9.4.3 Reunified Europe's New Interest in Values -- 9.5 Analysis: European Community of Values -- 9.6 Universal Values? An Outlook -- References -- Chapter 10: Values and Economy: How Companies Deal with Values -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Why Values Are Relevant for Business -- 10.2.1 Thoughts on the Relation of Economy and Society and the Role of Values -- 10.2.2 The Concept of Values in Economics -- 10.2.3 Area of Tension: Shareholder Value Versus Stakeholder Value -- 10.2.4 The Normative Stakeholder View -- 10.2.5 The Relevance of an Ethical Foundation for Company Values -- 10.2.6 Drivers and Influencing Factors for the Value Debate in the Corporate Context -- 10.2.7 Religion as Source for Company Values? -- 10.3 The Challenge of Dealing with Values -- 10.3.1 The Benefits of Values for Corporations -- 10.3.2 Value Functions in Companies -- 10.3.3 Which Corporate Values? -- 10.3.4 Value Management -- 10.3.5 Value Communication -- 10.3.6 A Question of Handling: Categorising Company Values -- 10.3.7 Challenges for Normative Value Management -- 10.3.8 The Categorical Imperative as an Ethical Principle Against Instrumentalisation and as a Justification for Human Rights -- 10.4 Human Rights as Universal Normative Values for the Economy -- 10.4.1 What Are Human Rights? -- 10.4.2 Human Rights as a Catalogue of Values -- 10.4.3 Relevance for the Economy: Why Should Companies Deal with Human Rights? -- 10.4.4 Normative Frameworks Addressing Companies to Respect Human Rights and Their Function -- 10.4.5 Anchoring European Values in the Economic and Trade Policies -- 10.4.6 Current Developments in Europe and Legislative Initiatives -- 10.5 Analysis and Conclusion.

10.5.1 Challenges for Companies and Politics.