The Blue Compendium : : From Knowledge to Action for a Sustainable Ocean Economy.

• Author: Lubchenco, Jane.
• TeilnehmendeR: Haugan, Peter M.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2023.; ©2023.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (919 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: The Future of Food from the Sea -- 1 Sustainably Increasing Food from the Sea -- 2 Estimated Sustainable Supply Curves -- 3 Estimates of Future Food from the Sea -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Methods -- 5.1 Sustainable Supply Curves -- 5.2 Supply Meets Demand -- 5.3 Reporting Summary -- 5.4 Data Availability -- 5.5 Code Availability -- Additional Information -- Author information -- Corresponding authors -- References -- 2: The Expected Impacts of Climate Change on the Ocean Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 The Ocean Economy: Essentials -- 1.2.1 The Market-Based Ocean Economy -- 1.2.2 The Nonmarket Ocean Economy -- 2 How Rising Greenhouse Gasses Alter the Ocean -- 2.1 Altered Ocean Temperatures and Disturbances -- 2.2 Sea Level Rise and an Altered Distribution of Ice -- 2.3 Altered Ocean Chemistry -- 2.4 Altered Circulation Patterns -- 3 Connecting the Links Between Climate Change and the Ocean Economy -- 3.1 Capture Fisheries -- 3.1.1 Importance of Capture Fisheries to the Ocean Economy -- 3.1.2 Impacts of Climate Change on Capture Fisheries -- 3.1.3 Ability for management to mitigate the impacts of climate change -- 3.1.4 Opportunities for action and key conclusions -- 3.2 Marine Aquaculture -- 3.2.1 Importance of Mariculture to the Ocean Economy -- 3.2.2 Impacts of climate change on mariculture -- 3.2.3 Potential for mariculture production to grow under climate change -- 3.2.4 Barriers and Trade-Offs in the Expansion of Mariculture -- 3.2.5 Adapting marine aquaculture to climate change -- Selective Breeding for Fast Growth -- Selective Breeding for Temperature Tolerance -- Risk-Based Planning and Environmental Monitoring Systems -- Access to Affordable Credit and Insurance -- Reducing Feed Limitations for Fed Mariculture.

3.2.6 Opportunities for action and key conclusions -- 3.3 Marine and Coastal Tourism -- 3.3.1 Importance of marine tourism to the ocean economy -- 3.3.2 Impacts of climate change on marine tourism -- 3.3.3 Economic Impacts -- Economic Impacts on Coral Reef Tourism -- Economic Impacts in Other Systems -- Ocean Tourism and Equity -- 3.3.4 Opportunities for action and key conclusions -- 3.4 Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Ocean Economy -- 4 Impacts of Climate Change Mitigation in the Sea -- 4.1 Conserving and Expanding Blue Carbon -- 4.2 Expanding Ocean Renewables -- 4.3 Expanding Deep-Sea Mining to Meet Demand for Rare Earth Elements -- 4.4 Geoengineering Solutions -- 5 Conclusions and Opportunities for Action -- 5.1 Capture Fisheries -- 5.2 Aquaculture -- 5.3 Ocean Tourism -- About the Authors -- Co-authors -- Contributing Authors -- References -- 3: What Role for Ocean-Based Renewable Energy and Deep-Seabed Minerals in a Sustainable Future? -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What is Ocean-Based Renewable Energy? -- 1.2 Renewable Energy and the Demand for Metals -- 1.3 Minerals on the Deep Seafloor -- 2 Transition to a Sustainable Global Energy System-1.5 °C Scenarios -- 2.1 Characteristics of 1.5 °C Scenarios -- 2.2 Negative Emissions and Carbon Capture and Storage -- 3 Ocean-Based Renewable Energy -- 3.1 Offshore Wind -- 3.1.1 Technical Potential -- 3.1.2 Status of Technology and Costs -- 3.1.3 Future Development Scenarios -- 3.2 Other Ocean-Based Renewable Energy -- 3.2.1 Technical Potential -- 3.2.2 Status of Technology and Costs -- 3.2.3 Future Development Scenarios -- 4 Motivations for Deep-Seabed Mining -- 4.1 Will Deep-Seabed Mining Help Address Climate Change? -- 4.2 Can Metal Demand Be Reduced to Avoid Deep-Seabed Mining? -- 5 Sustainability Challenges and Enabling Conditions.

5.1 Environment, Vulnerabilities and Costs -- 5.1.1 Environmental effects of ocean-based renewable energy deployment -- 5.1.2 Environmental Effects of Deep-Seabed Mining -- 5.1.3 The Impacts of Deep-Seabed Mining Remain Unknown -- 5.1.4 Deep-Seabed Mining Could Result in Loss of Species and Functions Before They Are Understood -- 5.1.5 The Challenges of Mitigation and Restoration of Ecosystems -- 5.2 Economic, Societal and Cultural Costs and Benefits -- 5.2.1 Benefits of Ocean-Based Renewable Energy -- 5.2.2 Benefits of Deep-Seabed Mining -- 5.2.3 Costs -- 5.2.4 Environmental Costs, Ecosystem Services Valuation, Tradeoffs and Intergenerational Equity -- 5.2.5 Decisions to Mine -- 6 Governance and Regulatory Framework for Deep-Seabed Mining -- 6.1 State Level -- 6.2 International Level -- 6.3 Mining in the Context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals -- 7 Opportunities for Action -- 7.1 Ocean-Based Renewable Energy and the Global Energy System -- 7.2 Deep-Seabed Mining -- Appendix: Detailed Opportunities for Action -- Detailed Opportunities for Action for Ocean-Based Renewable Energy -- Detailed Opportunity for Action 1 -- Detailed Opportunity for Action 2 -- Detailed Opportunities for Action Specifically for Deep- Seabed Mining -- Detailed Opportunity for Action 3A and 3B -- Detailed Opportunities for Action 4A and 4B -- Detailed Opportunity for Action 5 -- Detailed Opportunity for Action 6 -- About the Authors -- Lead Authors -- Contributing Authors -- References -- 4: The Ocean Genome: Conservation and the Fair, Equitable and Sustainable Use of Marine Genetic Resources -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Scope and Ambition -- 1.3 What Is the Ocean Genome and Why Is It Uniquely Important? -- 1.4 How Do We Benefit from the Ocean Genome? -- 1.5 How Is the Ocean Genome at Risk?.

1.6 How Is the Ocean Genome Governed and Regulated? -- 2 Existing and Potential Benefits -- 2.1 Ecological Benefits Associated with Marine Genetic Diversity -- 2.2 Commercial Benefits of Marine Genetic Resources -- 2.2.1 Marine Drug Discovery -- 2.2.2 Nutraceuticals -- 2.2.3 Cosmetics -- 2.2.4 Aquaculture and New Food Products -- 2.2.5 Bulk Chemicals -- 2.2.6 Other Applications -- 3 Challenges -- 3.1 Threats to Conserving the Ocean Genome -- 3.1.1 Species Extinctions -- 3.1.2 Loss of Populations -- 3.1.3 Invasive Species -- 3.1.4 Cumulative Effects -- 3.2 Impediments to the Equitable Use of the Ocean Genome -- 3.2.1 Impediments to Innovation, Equity and Benefit Sharing -- 3.2.2 Regulating Fair and Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing -- 4 Pursuing Solutions -- 4.1 Conservation -- 4.1.1 Managing Competing Interests in the Ocean to Conserve Biodiversity -- 4.1.2 Protecting Storehouses of Genetic Diversity -- 4.1.3 Leveraging Biotechnology for Conservation and Biodiversity Management -- 4.2 Toward Responsible and Inclusive Research and Innovation -- 4.3 Equitable Governance and Benefit Sharing -- 5 Conclusion and Opportunities for Action -- 5.1 Opportunities for Action -- 5.1.1 Protect Marine Genetic Diversity as Part of Conservation Measures and Monitor Outcomes -- 5.1.2 Support Greater Equity in Genomics Research and Commercialisation -- 5.1.3 Promote Inclusive and Responsible Research and Innovation in Marine Genomics Research -- 5.1.4 Embed Conservation of the Ocean Genome Within Research and Commercialisation, Including Benefit-Sharing Approaches and Agreements -- 5.1.5 Disclose the Biological and Geographical Origins of Genetic Material as a Norm Across All Associated Commercial and Noncommercial Activities -- 5.1.6 Increase Financial and Political Support to Improve Knowledge of the Ocean Genome.

5.1.7 Comprehensively Assess the Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Marine Organisms as well as the Use of New Molecular Engineering Technologies: Such as CRISPR-Cas (Gene Editing) and Gene Drives-In the Marine Environment -- 5.1.8 Strengthen the Role of Philanthropy in Providing Infrastructure and Funding for Marine Science -- About the Authors -- Lead Authors -- Contributing Authors -- Appendix -- References -- 5: Leveraging Multi-target Strategies to Address Plastic Pollution in the Context of an Already Stressed Ocean -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Context -- 2 Sources of Ocean Pollution -- 2.1 Plastic Pollution -- 2.1.1 Municipal Plastic Pollution -- 2.1.2 Agricultural Plastic Pollution -- 2.1.3 Industrial Plastic Pollution -- 2.1.4 Maritime Plastic Pollution -- 2.2 Other Pollutants Compounding Ocean Stress -- 2.2.1 Other Municipal Solid Waste Pollution -- 2.2.2 Pesticide Pollution -- 2.2.3 Nutrient Pollution -- 2.2.4 Antibiotics and Other Pharmaceuticals -- 2.2.5 Heavy Metals, Persistent Organic Pollutants and Oil and Gas -- 2.2.6 Maritime Pollution -- 2.3 Compounding Effects of Multiple Pollutants -- 3 Impacts of Ocean Pollution on Ecosystems, Marine Life, Human Health and Economies -- 3.1 Impacts of Plastic -- 3.1.1 Impacts on Ecosystems and Marine Life -- Microplastics -- Macroplastics -- Entanglement in Plastic Debris -- Ingestion of Plastic Debris -- Chemical Contamination from Plastic Debris -- 3.1.2 Human Health Impacts -- Potential Pathways of Harm -- Ingestion -- Inhalation -- Littering and Human Health -- 3.1.3 Economic Impacts -- 3.2 Impacts of Other Solid Waste -- 3.2.1 Impacts on Ecosystems and Marine Life -- 3.2.2 Human Health Impacts -- 3.2.3 Economic Impacts -- 3.3 Impacts of Pesticides -- 3.3.1 Impacts on Ecosystems and Marine Life -- 3.3.2 Human Health Impacts -- 3.3.3 Economic Impacts.

3.4 Impacts of Nutrient Pollution.