Basic and Applied Pharmacokinetics Self Assessment.

• Author: Murphy, John E.
• Place / Publishing House: Bethesda : : American Society of Health-System Pharmacists,, 2014.; ©2014.
• Year of Publication: 2014
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (243 pages)

To exercise the best possible judgment in patient care, medication plans should be selected for the maximum efficacy and safety for each individual patient. Be confident in your approach with ASHP's Basic & Applied Pharmacokinetics Self Assessment, a new resource from John E. Murphy, author of ASHP's Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Fifth Edition, which offers questions and exercises with answers and detailed solutions to help gauge your understanding.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Cover -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Pharmacokinetic Symbols -- Select Pharmacokinetic Terminology -- Select Pharmacokinetic Equations -- General Estimating Equations -- Therapeutic Ranges of Drugs in Traditional and SI Units -- SECTION I: SELF ASSESSMENT AND ANSWERS -- 1.1. General Pharmacokinetic Applications -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Half-Life -- Determining the Half-Life of a Drug Based on Measured Concentrations -- Determining Elimination Rate Constant (k) and Half-Life Using Appropriate Equations -- Using Half-Life (Elimination Rate Constant) to Solve for the Time That Must Elapse for One Concentration to Decrease to a Lower Concentration -- Using Half-Life (Elimination Rate Constant) to Determine a Dosage Interval -- Volume of Distribution -- Using Volume of Distribution to Determine a Loading Dose -- Solving for Volume of Distribution from a Concentration Determined Just After an Initial Dose -- Estimating the Concentration After a Loading Dose -- Using e-kt -- Estimating a Concentration Some Time After a Known Concentration -- Estimating an Earlier Concentration -- Solving for k and V from Two Concentrations After a Single IV Bolus Dose -- Using Clearance -- Solving for Maintenance Infusion Rate (R0) -- Solving for Clearance -- Solving for Estimated Steady State Concentration -- Using Equation 5 Manipulated to Solve for Dose -- Additional Problems -- Solving for a Concentration After IV Bolus Dosing at Steady State -- Solving for k (and Half-Life) and Volume from Two Concentrations Measured After an IV Bolus Dose Given Every τ Hours at Steady State -- Solving for k (and Half-Life) and Volume from Two Concentrations Measured After a Short IV Infusion Dose Given Over t' Time Every τ Hours at Steady State -- Predicting Concentrations After Short Infusion Dosing to Steady State.

Determining Loading and Maintenance Dose Infusions for a Drug Given as Short Infusions Every τ Hours at Steady State -- Determining a Trough Concentration for a New Antirejection Agent -- Considering Need for Dosage Adjustment -- Answers -- 1.2. Medication Dosing in Overweight and Obese Patients -- Table 1.2-1. Equations for Body Size Estimates -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.3. Estimating Creatinine Clearance -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Table 1.3-1. Creatinine Clearance Estimation in Children (Using Non-IDMS Calibrated Creatinine Assay) -- Table 1.3-2. Using IDMS Calibrated Creatinine-Enzymatic Assay Only-in Children -- Answers -- Appendix 1.3-1: Equations for Estimating Creatinine Clearance and GFR -- 1.4. Renal Drug Dosing -- Important Equations -- Adjusting Dose or Interval Using Q -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.5. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics -- Pharmacokinetic Parameters -- Table 1.5-1. Volume of Distribution by Age Group -- Estimating Aminoglycoside Clearance and the Elimination Rate Constant (k) -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Table 1.5-2. Once-Daily Dosing Approaches for Adults, Dose Based on CrCl -- Table 1.5-3. Method 1 Dosing Guidelines for Neonates -- Table 1.5-4. Method 2 Dosing Guidelines for Neonates -- Appendix 1.5-1: Hartford Hospital LDEI Method -- Appendix 1.5-2: Hartford Nomogram -- References -- Answers -- 1.6. Carbamazepine -- Pharmacokinetic Parameters -- Table 1.6-1. Carbamazepine Clearance in Adults -- Select Drug-Drug Interactions -- Carbamazepine (CBZ) Drug Interactions That Impact Concentrations of the Second Drug -- Drug Interactions That Result in Changes in Carbamazepine (CBZ) Concentrations -- Dosing Strategy -- Reference -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.7. Digoxin -- Pharmacokinetic Parameters -- Table 1.7-1. Volume of Distribution (V).

Table 1.7-2. Clearance (CL) -- Table 1.7-3. Digoxin Bioavailability (F) of Dosage Forms -- Dosing Strategies -- Estimating Digoxin Clearance (for Adults and Children &gt -- 12 Years of Age) -- Estimating Digoxin Dose for a Desired Cssavg (for Adults) -- Estimating V in Patients with Reduced Renal Function -- References -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.8. Unfractionated Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparins -- Heparin Dosing and Monitoring Strategies for Confirmed Venous Thromboembolism -- Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Dosing Approach for UFH Using Activated Clotting Time (ACT) -- Table 1.8-1. aPTT and Weight-Based Dosing Adjustment Scheme for UFH -- Table 1.8-2. Protamine Doses for Reversal of LMWH -- References -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.9. Lithium -- Table 1.9-1. Lithium Dosage Forms -- Table 1.9-2. Select Drug-Drug Interactions -- Dosing Strategies -- Dosage and Clearance Prediction Using Demographics -- References -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Table 1.9-3. Recommended Dosages Required to Achieve a Serum Level of 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L -- Answers -- 1.10. Phenobarbital -- Pharmacokinetic Parameters -- Table 1.10-1. Volume of Distribution by Age Group -- Table 1.10-2. Clearance by Age Group -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.11. Phenytoin/Fosphenytoin -- Pharmacokinetic Parameters -- Table 1.11-1. Volume of Distribution -- Table 1.11-2. Reported Values of Vmax and Km -- Key Equations -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.12. Valproic Acid -- Pharmacokinetic Parameters -- Table 1.12-1. Clearance by Age in the Absence of Clearance-Altering Factors -- Table 1.12-2. Bioavailability of Dosage Forms -- References -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.13. Vancomycin -- Pharmacokinetic Parameters -- Table 1.13-1. Volume of Distribution by Age Group -- Table 1.13-2. Average Clearance Values.

Dosing Strategies -- Infants -- Adults -- AUC -- References -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- 1.14. Warfarin -- Pharmacokinetic Parameters -- Table 1.14-1. Elimination Half-Lives of Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins -- Drug-Drug Interactions -- Table 1.14-2. Select Clinically Significant Warfarin Drug Interactions -- Dosing Strategies -- Table 1.14-3. Flexible Initiation Nomogram for Warfarin -- Table 1.14-4. Warfarin Dosing Adjustment Guidelines for INR Goal of 2-3 -- Self-Assessment Problems -- Answers -- SECTION II: SOLUTIONS -- 2.1. General Pharmacokinetic Applications -- Solutions -- 2.2. Medication Dosing in Overweight and Obese Patients -- Solutions -- 2.3. Estimating Creatinine Clearance -- Solutions -- 2.4. Renal Drug Dosing -- Solutions -- 2.5. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics -- Solutions -- Estimating k by Estimating Aminoglycoside Clearance (CLag) from Creatinine Clearance -- Estimating the Peak and Trough Concentrations Using the Population Estimates -- Estimating k from Estimated Aminoglycoside Clearance (CLag) -- Estimating the Peak Concentration -- 2.6. Carbamazepine -- Solutions -- 2.7. Digoxin -- Solutions -- 2.8. Unfractionated Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparins -- Solutions -- 2.9. Lithium -- Solutions -- 2.10. Phenobarbital -- Solutions -- 2.11. Phenytoin/Fosphenytoin -- Solutions -- 2.12. Valproic Acid -- Solutions -- 2.13. Vancomycin -- Solutions -- 2.14. Warfarin -- Solutions.