Place, Productivity, and Prosperity : : Revisiting Spatially Targeted Policies for Regional Development.

• Author: Grover, Arti.
• TeilnehmendeR: Lall, Somik.; Maloney, William.
• Place / Publishing House: Washington, D. C. : : World Bank Publications,, 2021.; ©2022.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (265 pages)

Table of Contents

• Front Cover
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Abbreviations
• Executive Summary
• 1. Place, Productivity, and Prosperity: An Introduction
• Introduction
• The Attraction of Place-Based Policies
• Three Forces Shaping the Economic Landscape
• Lagging Places, Left-Behind People-and Perhaps, Missed Opportunities
• Notes
• References
• 2. Agglomeration Economies, Productivity, and the Persistence of Place
• Introduction
• A Virtuous Cycle of Economic Concentration, Higher Productivity, and More Prosperity
• The Developing Country Urban Productivity Puzzle
• Changing Drivers of Spatial Activity: The Future Isn't What It Used to Be
• Unpacking the Association of Density with Productivity
• Measuring the Benefits of Spatial Concentration
• Measuring the Full Costs of Agglomeration: Accounting for the Extra Expense of Working in Developing Country Cities
• Conclusion
• Annex 2A. Estimating Productivity, Marginal Cost, and Markups
• Notes
• References
• 3. The Promise of Labor Mobility Introduction
• Introduction
• The Evidence on Internal Migration
• The Barriers to Internal Migration
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 4. Globalization and Digital Development: Bridging Distances within Countries
• Introduction
• Globalization and Regional Growth within Countries
• How Trade Costs, Infrastructure, and Institutions Affect Growth within Countries
• The Role of Digital Connectivity in Narrowing Disparities between Regions
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 5. Lagging Places: Missed Opportunities, Left-Behind People
• Introduction
• Two Tales of Cities: Not Every Place Has Potential for Growth
• Why Is a Region Not Thriving Already?
• Three Arguments Often Used to Support Place-Based Policies for Nonviable Regions
• Complementarities, Silver Bullets, and Big Pushes.
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 6. A Framework for Appraising Place-Based Policies
• Introduction
• Principles for Appraising Place-Based Policies
• Dealing with Challenges in Fully Appraising Policies: Using the Framework as a Heuristic Tool
• Lessons from World Bank Evaluations of Projects to Enhance Agglomeration
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 7. The Framework in Action: Appraising Transport Corridors, Economic Clusters, and Interventions to Manage Urban Congestion
• Introduction
• Corridors and Long-Distance Transport Improvements
• Spatial Economic Clusters and Special Economic Zones
• Interventions to Manage Urban Congestion
• Conclusion
• Annex 7A. Using Spatial General Equilibrium Models to Quantify the Indirect Effects of Highway Corridors in Africa
• Notes
• References
• 8. Local Economic Development Policies
• Introduction
• Entrepreneurship: The Lifeblood of Local Economic Development
• Strengthening the Enabling Environment for Entrepreneurship
• Promoting the Capabilities of Entrepreneurs
• Improving Fiscal Incentives
• Conclusion
• Annex 8A. Clear Rationales for Certain Regional Development Projects in Europe
• Annex 8B. New York's Innovation Ecosystem to Support Start-Ups
• Notes
• References
• 9. Conclusion Concluding Remarks
• Concluding Remarks
• Reference
• Boxes
• Box 2.1 The Persistent Effects of Colonial Railroads on Regional Development in Kenya
• Box 3.1 The Central Role of Migration in Long-Term Economic Growth
• Box 3.2 How Caste Boundaries Act as a Barrier to Migration in India
• Box 4.1 The Role of Complementary Conditions in Connecting People and Regions Digitally during the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Box 4.2 Digital Technologies May Exacerbate the Differences across Regions as They Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic.
• Box 5.1 Insights on Migration and Nonviable Regions from a Mining Boom Town: The Case of Kolmanskop, Namibia
• Box 5.2 Managing the Closure of Coal Mines: Achieving a Just Transition for All
• Box 5.3 Limited Policy Options for Lagging Regions When Migration Is Challenging: The Case of Colombia
• Box 5.4 Not All Places Are Equal: The Coexistence of a Low and a High Equilibrium in the Context of Regional Development
• Box 6.1 Lessons from an Analysis of Spatial Public Expenditures in the Middle East and North Africa
• Box 6.2 A Proposal for Spatial Public Expenditure Reviews
• Box 6.3 How Is the World Bank Group Assessing Place-Based Interventions?
• Box 8.1 The Positive Externalities from Improvements in Human Capital
• Box 8.2 The Persistence of Education over Time: From Jesuit Education to Production of Genetically Engineered Soy in Brazil
• Box 8.3 Strengthening a Regional Entrepreneurial and Innovation System for a Midsize City: Scale Up Manizales (Manizales Más) in Colombia
• Box 8.4 Fiscal Incentives to Overcome First-Mover Coordination Problems: The Case of Hawassa Industrial Park in Ethiopia
• Box 8.5 Applying the Duranton-Venables Framework to Design a Project to Support Businesses in Mozambique
• Figures
• Figure 1.1 Spatial Income Inequalities Are Higher in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries
• Figure 1.2 Special Economic Zones Have Increased Six-Fold over the Past Two Decades
• Figure 2.1 Economic Activity Is Highly Concentrated, Even in the Lowest-Income Countries
• Figure 2.2 Establishments, Employment, and Value Added Are Concentrated in Densely Populated Areas
• Figure 2.3 Urbanization, Economic Growth, and the Transition from Slow to Fast Growth Occur Together
• Figure 2.4 The Rise of Cities and Structural Transformation Have Gone Hand in Hand in Asia.
• Figure 2.5 Urbanization and Economic Transformation Have Not Gone Hand in Hand in Africa
• Figure 2.6 Cities and Departments That Were the Most Densely Populated in 1500 Are among the Wealthiest Now in Colombia
• Figure 2.7 Agglomeration Elasticity Is a Composite of Agglomeration Benefits and Costs
• Figure 2.8 Urban Density Is Associated with Higher Firm Entry
• Figure 2.9 Meta-Analysis: Raw Elasticities Suggest Strong Agglomeration Economies in Developing Countries
• Figure 2.10 Estimated Elasticity in Developing Countries Is Lower in Services and When Using Total Factor Productivity Data
• Figure 2.11 The Agglomeration Premiums on Labor Productivity Nearly Disappear after Controlling for Urban Costs
• Figure 2.12 Efficiency Gains from Agglomeration Disappear Altogether or Become Negative after Controlling for Output Prices
• Figure 2.13 Evidence of Sterile Agglomeration: Physical Measures of Total Factor Productivity Decline with Population Density, While Costs Rise in Lower-Income Countries
• Figure 2.14 Urban Costs Are Higher in Developing Countries than in Advanced Economies
• Figure 3.1 Internal Migration Increases with Economic Development
• Figure 3.2 Migration Could Significantly Increase Consumption Potential in the Middle East and North Africa
• Figure 3.3 Denser Areas Have Better Access to Safe Drinking Water and Electricity
• Figure 3.4 Frictions in Labor Mobility Are Associated with Lesser Changes in Lifetime Utility and Fewer Job Options in Other Job Markets Following an Export Shock in Brazil
• Figure 3.5 The Value of Labor Reallocation between Agriculture and Modern Sector Jobs Is Contingent on Initial Productivity
• Figure 4.1 Participation in Technology or Knowledge-Intensive Global Value Chains Is Associated with Higher Spatial Concentration.
• Figure 4.2 Trade Liberalization Is Associated with Changes in Activity in Secondary Regions but Has No Effect on Interior Regions in India
• Figure 4.3 The Impact of Improved Domestic Connectivity Is Contingent on Proximity to Ports in India
• Figure 4.4 The Distant Northeast Region in India Faces an Outsized Share of Loss in Shipment Value Following the COVID-19 Lockdown
• Figure 4.5 Trade Volume Influences Trade Costs
• Figure 4.6 Upgrades of the Golden Quadrilateral Highway Improved Plant Dynamics, but Only for Young and Productive Plants in India
• Figure 4.7 Reductions in Transport Costs When Combined with Complementary Conditions Improve Welfare in Central Asia
• Figure 4.8 The Use of E-commerce Is Positively Associated with Higher Skills and Education in Japan
• Figure B4.1.1 Fewer Jobs in Developing Countries Can Be Performed Remotely
• Figure B4.1.2 Network Equipment in Developing Countries Is Subject to Higher Tariffs
• Figure B4.2.1 Firms in Capital or Business Cities Are More Likely to Digitalize during the COVID-19 Crisis
• Figure 4.9 Local Demand (Population) Critically Determines the Location and Size of a Data Center
• Figure 5.1 Towns along Fall Lines Evolved Very Differently than Mining Towns
• Figure 5.2 Some Small Island Countries Are Very Far Away from Markets
• Figure 5.3 The Payoff (Multiplier) for Creating Jobs in the Tradable Sector is Higher for Developing Countries
• Figure 6.1 A Framework for Appraising Place-Based Policies
• Figure B6.1.1 Expenditures on Spatially Distortive Policies in the Middle East and North Africa Vary Greatly from Those of Benchmark Countries
• Figure B6.2.1 Functional Analysis of National versus Regional Innovation Programs in Poland
• Figure 7.1 While the Direct Effects of Transport Investments Are Important, the Indirect Effects Are Likely to Matter More.
• Figure 7.2 The Average Accessibility to Jobs Is Quite Low in Many African Cities.