Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Cemetery Kudachurt 14 : : Evaluating Indicators of Social Inequality, Demography, Oral Health and Diet During the Bronze Age Key Period 2200-1650 BCE in the Northern Caucasus.

• Superior document: Scales of Transformation Series ; v.11
• Author: Fuchs, K.
• Place / Publishing House: Leiden : : Sidestone Press,, 2020.; ©2020.
• Year of Publication: 2020
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Scales of Transformation Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (410 pages)

Representing both a barrier and a corridor between the Eurasian and Asian continents, the Caucasus has constituted the setting for various socio-economic transformations throughout prehistory. The transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age in the Northern Caucasus is a period characterised by...

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Preface of the editors
• Preface of the cooperation partners / Предисловие
• Предисловие
• Preface and acknowledgement of the author
• Предисловие автора и благодарения
• Part I
• Background and objectives of research
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Environmental and archaeological background
• 1.1.1 Topography and environment
• 1.1.2 The North Caucasian Bronze Age: Cultures and chronology
• 1.1.3 Climatic conditions
• 1.2 State of the art
• 1.2.1 Burial practices: Socio-ritual indicators
• 1.2.2 Human Remains: Osteology and Palaeopathology
• 1.2.3 Stable isotope analyses: Palaeodietary reconstructions
• 2 Research questions and methodological approach
• 2.1 The cemetery "Kudachurt 14" (chapter 3)
• 2.2 Burial practice: Social indicators (chapter 4)
• 2.3 Human remains: Demography and oral health (chapter 5)
• 2.4 Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes: Palaeodietary reconstruction (chapter 6)
• 2.5 Interdisciplinary synthesis: Burial practice, human osteology, and stable isotopes (chapter 7)
• 2.6 Basic approach and terminology
• 3 The cemetery of Kudachurt 14
• 3.1 Location and environmental aspects
• 3.2 Excavation and subsequent work
• 3.2.1 Excavation techniques and on-site documentation
• 3.2.2 Inventory, preparation, and current state
• 3.3 Cemetery plan
• 3.4 Finds and chronology
• 3.4 1 Relative chronology and typological classification
• 3.4.2 Radiocarbon dating and stratigraphy
• 3.4.3 Summary: Chronology and typological classification
• 3.5 Kudachurt 14 and the MBA-LBA transition in the Northern Caucasus
• Disciplinary Analyses: Burial Practices, Human remains and isotopes
• 4 Burial practice: Social indicators
• 4.1 Characteristics of burial practice
• 4.1.1 Spatial distribution
• 4.1.2 Elements of grave construction
• 4.1.3 Inhumations and burial type
• 4.1.4 Goods for the dead: burial items.
• 4.1.5 Data quality groups
• 4.2 Results 1: Basis of data and single characteristics
• 4.2.1 Elements of grave construction
• 4.2.2 Inhumation and burial types
• 4.2.3 Burial items
• 4.3 Results 2: Social proxies of burial practice
• 4.3.1 Construction elements, burial types and MNIG
• 4.3.2 Construction elements and burial item criteria
• 4.3.3 Burial item criteria: burial types and individuals
• 4.3.4 Burial item criteria: Assemblage functional character and burial type
• 4.3.5 Burial item criteria: Assemblage composition and burial type
• 4.3.6 Burial item criteria: Assemblage functional character and individuals
• 4.3.6.1 Single burials
• 4.3.6.2 Double burials
• 4.3.6.3 Collective burials
• 4.3.6.4 Bodily treatment
• 4.3.6.5 Interim result: Individual equipment
• 4.4 Chronological aspects
• 4.5 Discussion and evaluation: Burial practice and social indicators
• 4.5.1 Grave constructions: Proxies for effort or practicability?
• 4.5.2 Regularities of bodily treatment?
• 4.5.3 Burial item criteria: Cemetery
• 4.5.4 Funeral equipment groups: Commonalities or inequalities?
• 4.5.5 Social implications of burial practice
• 4.6 Conclusions
• 5 Human Remains: Demography and oral health
• 5.1 Functional data from human remains
• 5.2 The significance of biological sex and age at death
• 5.3 Dental pathology and oral health
• 5.4 Investigative parameters and methods
• 5.4.1 Anatomical terminology
• 5.4.2 Preparatory work and recording approach
• 5.4.3 Age at death
• 5.4.4 Biological sex
• 5.4.5 Categories of oral health
• 5.5 Material: Graves, individuals, and dentitions
• 5.6 Results 1: Skeletal preservation, demography, and categories of oral health
• 5.6.1 Data basis: Skeletal and dental preservation
• 5.6.2 Demography: Age at death and biological sex
• 5.6.3 Categories of oral health.
• 5.6.4 Summary oral health: Results 1
• 5.7 Results 2: Statuses of oral health and burial context
• 5.7.1 Correlations of oral health categories: Inter-individual comparison
• 5.7.2 Statuses of oral health, burial contexts and spatial distribution
• 5.8 Chronological aspects
• 5.9 Discussion and evaluation: Demography and oral health at Kudachurt 14
• 5.9.1 Demographic and palaeopathological implications
• 5.9.2 Dietary implications
• 5.9.3 Occupational habits
• 5.9.4 Social implications
• 6 Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes: Palaeodietary reconstruction
• 6.1 Principles of stable isotope analyses
• 6.1.1 Basic concept and terminology
• 6.1.2 Stable C and N isotopes from bone collagen
• 6.1.3 Stable C and N isotopes in palaeodietary reconstructions
• 6.2 Recent research on subsistence and diet in the North Caucasian Bronze Age
• 6.3 The significance of Kudachurt 14
• 6.4 Working hypotheses
• 6.5 Material and methods
• 6.5.1 Sample selection
• 6.5.2 Methods
• 6.6 Results
• 6.6.1 Collagen quality
• 6.6.2 Animal values
• 6.6.3 Human values
• 6.6.4 Animal and human values
• 6.7 Discussion and evaluation
• 6.8 Chronological aspects
• 6.9 Context of current C and N isotope research in the North Caucasian Bronze Age
• 6.10 Conclusion: Trends and limits of dietary reconstructions at Kudachurt 14
• Interdisciplinary synthesis and conclusion
• 7 Interdisciplinary synthesis: Burial practice, human remains, and stable isotopes
• 7.1 Cemetery: Age, sex, and funeral equipment
• 7.2 Individual contexts: Burial practice, social inequality, and demography
• 7.3 Grave contexts: Social inequality, demography, oral health, and diet
• 8 Conclusions
• 8.1 Research questions and answers
• 8.1.1 The cemetery of Kudachurt 14 (chapter 3)
• 8.1.2 Burial practice: Social indicators (chapter 4).
• 8.1.3 Human remains: Demography and oral health (chapter 5)
• 8.1.4 Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes: Palaeodietary reconstruction (chapter 6)
• 8.1.5 Interdisciplinary synthesis: Burial practice, human osteology, and stable isotopes (chapter 7)
• 8.2 Evaluation and research prospects
• 9 Short summary
• 10 Kurzzusammenfassung
• 11 краткая информация
• 12 References
• 13 Tables, figures and abbreviations
• 13.1 List of tables (short captions)
• 13.2 List of figures (short captions)
• 13.2.1 Copyrights
• 13.3 Abbreviations
• Online data: catalogue and appendix
• Online Data: Catalogue and Appendix
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