Kwame Nkrumah
![Portrait of Nkrumah](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-50-1.jpg)
After twelve years abroad pursuing higher education, developing his political philosophy, and organizing with other diasporic pan-Africanists, Nkrumah returned to the Gold Coast to begin his political career as an advocate of national independence. He formed the Convention People's Party, which achieved rapid success through its unprecedented appeal to the common voter. He became Prime Minister in 1952 and retained the position when Ghana declared independence from Britain in 1957. In 1960, Ghanaians approved a new constitution and elected Nkrumah President.
His administration was primarily socialist as well as nationalist. It funded national industrial and energy projects, developed a strong national education system and promoted a pan-Africanist culture. Under Nkrumah, Ghana played a leading role in African international relations during the decolonization period.
After multiple failed attempts on his life, coupled with increasingly difficult local economic conditions, Nkrumah's government became authoritarian in the 1960s, as he repressed political opposition and conducted elections that were not free and fair. In 1964, a constitutional amendment made Ghana a one-party state, with Nkrumah as president for life of both the nation and its party. He fostered a personality cult, forming ideological institutes and adopting the title of 'Osagyefo Dr.'. Nkrumah was deposed in 1966 by the CIA backed National Liberation Council in a ''coup d'état'', under whose supervision the country's economy was privatized. Nkrumah lived the rest of his life in Guinea, where he was named honorary co-president. Provided by Wikipedia
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Published: 1350, h.š., [1971]
Publisher: شركت سهامي انتشارات خوارزمي / Širkat-i Sihāmī-i Intišārāt-i Ḫwārizmī