Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener
![Kitchener in full dress uniform (July 1910)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Kitchener was credited in 1898 for having won the Battle of Omdurman and securing control of the Sudan, for which he was made Baron Kitchener of Khartoum. As Chief of Staff (1900–1902) in the Second Boer War he played a key role in Lord Roberts' conquest of the Boer Republics, then succeeded Roberts as commander-in-chief – by which time Boer forces had taken to guerrilla fighting and British forces imprisoned Boer and African civilians in concentration camps. His term as Commander-in-Chief (1902–1909) of the Army in India saw him quarrel with another eminent proconsul, the Viceroy Lord Curzon, who eventually resigned. Kitchener then returned to Egypt as British Agent and Consul-General (''de facto'' administrator).
In 1914, at the start of the First World War, Kitchener became Secretary of State for War, a Cabinet Minister. One of the few to foresee a long war, lasting for at least three years, and also having the authority to act effectively on that perception, he organised the largest volunteer army that Britain had seen, and oversaw a significant expansion of materiel production to fight on the Western Front. Despite having warned of the difficulty of provisioning for a long war, he was blamed for the shortage of shells in the spring of 1915 – one of the events leading to the formation of a coalition government – and stripped of his control over munitions and strategy.
On 5 June 1916, Kitchener was making his way to Russia on to attend negotiations with Tsar Nicholas II when in bad weather the ship struck a German mine west of Orkney, Scotland, and sank. Kitchener was among 737 who died; he was the highest-ranking British officer to die in action in the entire war. Provided by Wikipedia
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Published: 1998
Superior document: The survey of Western Palestine 1882 - 1888 ; [including a survey of Eastern Palestine 1881] Memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology, Vol. 3
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Published: 1998
Superior document: The survey of Western Palestine 1882 - 1888 ; [including a survey of Eastern Palestine 1881] Memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology, Vol. 1
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Published: 1998
Superior document: The survey of Western Palestine 1882 - 1888 ; [including a survey of Eastern Palestine 1881] Memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology, Vol. 2
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Published: 1998
Superior document: The survey of Western Palestine 1882 - 1888 ; [including a survey of Eastern Palestine 1881]