Thomas Jefferson
![1800 portrait](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Official_Presidential_portrait_of_Thomas_Jefferson_%28by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800%29%28cropped%29.jpg)
During the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and served as the second governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781. In 1785, Congress appointed Jefferson U.S. minister to France, where he served from 1785 to 1789. President Washington then appointed Jefferson the nation's first secretary of state, where he served from 1790 to 1793. During this time, in the early 1790s, Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the nation's First Party System. Jefferson and Federalist John Adams became both friends and political rivals. In the 1796 U.S. presidential election between the two, Jefferson came in second, which made him Adams' vice president under the electoral laws of the time. Four years later, in the 1800 presidential election, Jefferson again challenged Adams, and won the presidency. In 1804, Jefferson was reelected overwhelmingly to a second term.
As president, Jefferson assertively defended the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies, promoted a western expansionist policy with the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation's geographic size, and was able to reduce military forces and expenditures following successful negotiations with France. In his second presidential term, Jefferson was beset by difficulties at home, including the trial of his former vice president Aaron Burr. In 1807, Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act to defend the nation's industries from British threats to U.S. shipping, limiting foreign trade and stimulating the birth of the American manufacturing industry. Presidential scholars and historians praise Jefferson's public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance, his peaceful acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France, and his leadership in supporting the Lewis and Clark Expedition; they give radically differing interpretations of his views on and relationship with slavery.
Jefferson is ranked by both scholars and in public opinion among the upper-tier of American presidents. Provided by Wikipedia
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter EBOOK PACKAGE COMPLETE 2022 English
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter EBOOK PACKAGE COMPLETE 2020 English
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press Complete eBook-Package 2020
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter EBOOK PACKAGE COMPLETE 2021 English
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Backlist 2000-2013
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn Press eBook Package Complete Collection
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Backlist 2000-2013
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
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Published: [2018]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999