Wolf
}} | image = Eurasian wolf 2.jpg | image_caption = | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = | status2 = CITES_A2 | status2_system = CITES | status2_ref = | taxon = Canis lupus | authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision = | range_map = Canis lupus distribution (IUCN).png | range_map_caption = Global wolf range based on IUCN's 2023 assessment. }}The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, including the dog and dingo, though gray wolves, as popularly understood, only comprise naturally-occurring wild subspecies. The wolf is the largest extant member of the family Canidae, and is further distinguished from other ''Canis'' species by its less pointed ears and muzzle, as well as a shorter torso and a longer tail. The wolf is nonetheless related closely enough to smaller ''Canis'' species, such as the coyote and the golden jackal, to produce fertile hybrids with them. The wolf's fur is usually mottled white, brown, gray, and black, although subspecies in the arctic region may be nearly all white.
Of all members of the genus ''Canis'', the wolf is most specialized for cooperative game hunting as demonstrated by its physical adaptations to tackling large prey, its more social nature, and its highly advanced expressive behaviour, including individual or group howling. It travels in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair accompanied by their offspring. Offspring may leave to form their own packs on the onset of sexual maturity and in response to competition for food within the pack. Wolves are also territorial, and fights over territory are among the principal causes of mortality. The wolf is mainly a carnivore and feeds on large wild hooved mammals as well as smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage. Single wolves or mated pairs typically have higher success rates in hunting than do large packs. Pathogens and parasites, notably the rabies virus, may infect wolves.
The global wild wolf population was estimated to be 300,000 in 2003 and is considered to be of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Wolves have a long history of interactions with humans, having been despised and hunted in most pastoral communities because of their attacks on livestock, while conversely being respected in some agrarian and hunter-gatherer societies. Although the fear of wolves exists in many human societies, the majority of recorded attacks on people have been attributed to animals suffering from rabies. Wolf attacks on humans are rare because wolves are relatively few, live away from people, and have developed a fear of humans because of their experiences with hunters, farmers, ranchers, and shepherds. Provided by Wikipedia
1981
Published: [2022]
1982
Published: [2008]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Linguistics and Semiotics 2000 - 2014
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1983
Published: [2010]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Linguistics and Semiotics 2000 - 2014
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1984
Published: 2019
1985
Published: 2014.
Superior document: Schriftenreihe des Graduiertenkollegs "Automatismen"
1986
Published: 2015.
Superior document: At the Interface / Probing the Boundaries; volume126
1987
Published: [2013]
Superior document: Kirchen- und Staatskirchenrecht Series ; Volume 15
1988
Published: 2015
1989
Published: [2021]
1990
Published: [2019]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DG Ebook Package English 2020
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1991
Published: [2011]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Backlist Complete English Language 2000-2014 PART1
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1992
Published: [2010]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Literary and Cultural Studies 2000 - 2014
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1993
Published: [2014]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA History 2000 - 2014
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1994
Published: [2011]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Linguistics and Semiotics 2000 - 2014
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1995
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Mathematics - 1990 - 1999
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1996
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Social Sciences 1990 - 1999
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1997
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Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA History 1990 - 1999
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1998
Published: [2011]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Linguistics and Semiotics 2000 - 2014
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1999
Published: [2022]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Lynne Rienner Press Complete eBook-Package 2013-2000
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2000
Published: [2008]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Linguistics and Semiotics 2000 - 2014
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