Stern
![oclc=561361622}}](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/How_wooden_ships_are_built_78.jpg)
Sterns on European and American wooden sailing ships began with two principal forms: the ''square'' or ''transom'' stern and the ''elliptical'', ''fantail'', or ''merchant'' stern, and were developed in that order. The hull sections of a sailing ship located before the stern were composed of a series of U-shaped rib-like frames set in a sloped or "cant" arrangement, with the last frame before the stern being called the ''fashion timber(s)'' or ''fashion piece(s)'', so called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern.
In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings introduced the concept of a rounded stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern chase guns. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns, and the round stern was quickly superseded by the elliptical stern. The United States began building the first elliptical stern warship in 1820, a decade before the British. became the first sailing ship to sport such a stern. Though a great improvement over the transom stern in terms of its vulnerability to attack when under fire, elliptical sterns still had obvious weaknesses which the next major stern development — the iron-hulled cruiser stern — addressed far better and with significantly different materials. Provided by Wikipedia
281
Published: 2014.
Links: Get full text
282
Published: 2006.
Links: Get full text
283
Published: 2014.
Superior document: Israel: Society, Culture and History
Links: Get full text
284
Published: 2009.
Links: Get full text
285
Published: 1974.
Superior document: Compendia rerum iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum. Section 1 ; 1
286
Published: 1994
287
Published: 1976
Superior document: Wissenschaftliche Beiträge der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 1976,18
288
Published: 1985
289
Published: 1995
290
Published: 1891
Superior document: Otto Ludwigs Gesammelte Schriften 2
291
Published: 1891
Superior document: Otto Ludwigs Gesammelte Schriften 1
292
Published: 1891
Superior document: Otto Ludwigs Gesammelte Schriften 5 1
293
Published: 1891
Superior document: Otto Ludwigs Gesammelte Schriften 4
294
Published: 1891-
Links: Get full text
295
Published: 1891
Superior document: Otto Ludwigs Gesammelte Schriften 6 2
296
Published: 1891
Superior document: Otto Ludwigs Gesammelte Schriften 3
297
Published: [2022]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA History <1990
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
298
Published: c2007-
Superior document: Brill's studies in intellectual history, v. 161
299
Published: 1996
300
Published: 2022.
Superior document: Oriental and European archaeology ; 23