Stern
The stern is the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the area built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail. The stern lies opposite the bow, the foremost part of a ship. Originally, the term only referred to the aft port section of the ship, but eventually came to refer to the entire back of a vessel. The stern end of a ship is indicated with a white navigation light at night.Sterns on European and American wooden sailing ships began with two principal forms: the ''square'' or ''transom'' stern and the ''elliptical'', ''fantail'', or ''merchant'' stern, and were developed in that order. The hull sections of a sailing ship located before the stern were composed of a series of U-shaped rib-like frames set in a sloped or "cant" arrangement, with the last frame before the stern being called the ''fashion timber(s)'' or ''fashion piece(s)'', so called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern.
In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings introduced the concept of a rounded stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern chase guns. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns, and the round stern was quickly superseded by the elliptical stern. The United States began building the first elliptical stern warship in 1820, a decade before the British. became the first sailing ship to sport such a stern. Though a great improvement over the transom stern in terms of its vulnerability to attack when under fire, elliptical sterns still had obvious weaknesses which the next major stern development — the iron-hulled cruiser stern — addressed far better and with significantly different materials. Provided by Wikipedia
181
Published: [2020]
Superior document: Aigeira 2
182
Published: [2020]
Free to read (incl. Open Access)
Links:
Get full text; Volltext; Inhaltstext
183
Published: [2021]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Law - <1990
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
184
Published: 1993
Superior document: Mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres N.S., 13
185
Published: 2009
Superior document: The Athenian Agora 34
186
Published: 2016
Superior document: IAA reports No. 60
187
Published: 1954
Superior document: Papers in physical oceanography and meteorology 13,1
188
Published: 1990.
Superior document: Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, Volume 84, Number 426
Links: Get full text
189
Published: 2015
Superior document: Beiträge zur ur- und frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie des Mittelmeerkulturraumes 36
190
Published: 1977
Superior document: Schriftenreihe der Niedersächsischen Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung / Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung : Verfassungsrecht und Verfassungswirklichkeit 15
191
Published: 1965
Superior document: Kärntner Museumsschriften 31
192
Published: 1918
Superior document: Das Wirtschaftsleben der Türkei 2
193
Published: 2007
Superior document: Kenchreai - eastern port of Corinth results of investigations by the University of Chicago and Indiana University for the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 6
194
Published: [2013]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter HUP e-dition: Complete eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
195
Published: [2018]
Superior document: Enthalten in Pottery technologies and sociocultural connections between the Aegean and Anatolia during the 3rd millenium BC ; Eva Alram-Stern, Barbara Horejs (eds.) Wien, [2018] Seite [145]-159 Oriental and European archaeology ; volume 10
196
Published: [2015]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DG Plus eBook-Package 2015
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
197
Published: 2001
198
Published: [2021]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA History <1990
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
199
Published: 1980.
Superior document: European History and Culture - Book Archive pre-2000
200
Published: 1974.
Superior document: Classical Studies - Book Archive pre-2000