Nathan Birnbaum
Nathan Birnbaum (; pseudonyms: "Mathias Acher", "Dr. N. Birner", "Mathias Palme", "Anton Skart", "Theodor Schwarz", and "Pantarhei"; 16 May 1864 – 2 April 1937) was an
Austrian writer and journalist,
Jewish thinker and
nationalist. His life had three main phases, representing a progression in his thinking: a
Zionist phase (c. 1883 – c. 1900); a Jewish cultural autonomy phase (c. 1900 – c. 1914), which included the promotion of the
Yiddish language; and a religious phase (c. 1914–1937), when he turned to
Orthodox Judaism and became staunchly
anti-Zionist.
He married Rosa Korngut (1869–1934) and they had three sons:
Solomon (Salomo) (1891–1989),
Menachem (1893–1944), and
Uriel (1894–1956).
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