Reich
''Reich'' (; ) is a German noun whose meaning is analogous to the English word "realm"; this is not to be confused with the German adjective "reich" which means "rich". The terms ' (, literally the "realm of an emperor") and ' (, literally the "realm of a king") are respectively used in German in reference to empires and kingdoms. The ''Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary'' indicates that in English usage, the term "Third Reich" refers to "Germany during the period of Nazi control from 1933 to 1945".The term ''Deutsches Reich'' (sometimes translated to "German Empire") continued to be used even after the collapse of the German Empire and the abolition of the monarchy in 1918. There was no emperor, but many Germans had imperialistic ambitions. According to Richard J. Evans:
The continued use of the term "German Empire", ''Deutsches Reich'', by the Weimar Republic ... conjured up an image among educated Germans that resonated far beyond the institutional structures Bismarck created: the successor to the Roman Empire; the vision of God's Empire here on earth; the universality of its claim to suzerainty; and in a more prosaic but no less powerful sense, the concept of a German state that would include all German speakers in central Europe—"one People, one Reich, one Leader", as the Nazi slogan was to put it.
The term is derived from the Germanic word which generally means "realm", but in German, it is typically used to designate a kingdom or an empire, especially the Roman Empire. The terms ' (, "Imperium") and ' ("Imperial realm") are used in German to more specifically define an empire ruled by an emperor.
''Reich'' is comparable in meaning and development (as well as descending from the same Proto-Indo-European root) to the English word ''realm'' (via French ''reaume'' "kingdom" from Latin ''regalis'' "royal"). It is used for historical empires in general, such as the Roman Empire ('), Persian Empire ('), and both the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire ('''', literally "Tsars' realm"). ''Österreich'', the name used for Austria today is composed of "Öster" and "Reich" which, literally translated, means "Eastern Realm". The name once referred to the Eastern parts of the Holy Roman Empire.
In the history of Germany specifically, it is used to refer to: * the early medieval Frankish Realm (Francia) and Carolingian Empire (the ' and '); * the Holy Roman Empire ('), which lasted from the coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor in 800, until 1806, when it was dissolved during the Napoleonic Wars; * the German Empire (' or '), which lasted from the unification of Germany in 1871 until its collapse after World War I, during the German Revolution of 1918–1919; * the Weimar Republic of 1919–1933 continued to use ' as its official name; * Nazi Germany, the state often referred to as the ''Third Reich'', which lasted from the Enabling Act in 1933 until the end of World War II in Europe in 1945. It continued to use the official name, '''', until 1943, when it was renamed to the ''Großdeutsches Reich'' (Greater German Reich).
The Nazis adopted the term "Third Reich" to legitimize their government as the rightful successor to the retroactively renamed "First" and "Second" Reichs – the Holy Roman Empire and the German Empire, respectively; the Nazis discounted the legitimacy of the Weimar Republic entirely. The terms "First Reich" and "Second Reich" are not used by historians, and the term "Fourth Reich" is mainly used in fiction and political humor, although it is also used by those who subscribe to neo-Nazism. Provided by Wikipedia
1041
Published: [1867?]-;, [1867?]-;, [1867?]-;, [2014?]-
1042
Published: 2001
Superior document: Deutsche Reichstagsakten Mittlere Reihe, Deutsche Reichstagsakten unter Maximilian I., 2, Reichstag zu Nürnberg 1487, 1
1043
Published: 1999
Superior document: Deutsche Reichstagsakten [Ältere Reihe], 22 : Unter Kaiser Friedrich III., Abt. 8, 1471, Hälfte 2
1044
Published: 1933
Superior document: Deutsche Reichstagsakten [Ältere Reihe], 12, 1, Beiheft
1045
Published: 1973
Superior document: Deutsche Reichstagsakten Mittlere Reihe, Deutsche Reichstagsakten unter Maximilian I., 3, 1488 - 1490, 2
1046
Published: 2002
Superior document: Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht [Eine Dokumentation]. (Wehrmachtführungsstab) 8: 4. 1. Januar 1944 - 31. Dezember 1944 ; Halbbd. 2, Teilbd. 2
1047
Published: 2002
Superior document: Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht [Eine Dokumentation]. (Wehrmachtführungsstab) 7: 4. 1. Januar 1944 - 31. Dezember 1944 ; Halbbd. 1, Teilbd. 1
1048
Published: 1648;, 1648
1049
“...Deutsches Reich Reichsstatthalter in Niederdonau...”
1050
Published: 1972
Superior document: Deutsche Reichstagsakten Mittlere Reihe, Deutsche Reichstagsakten unter Maximilian I., 3, 1488 - 1490, 1
1051
“...Deutsches Reich Reichsstatthalter in Niederdonau...”
1052
“...Heiliges Römisches Reich Kurfürstenkolleg...”
Links: Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek -- 999 IM/2Jur.1131
Links: Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek -- 999 IM/2Jur.1131
1053
“...Heiliges Römisches Reich Kurfürstenkolleg...”
Links: Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek -- 999 IM/2Jur.1131
Links: Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek -- 999 IM/2Jur.1131
1054
Published: 1979
Superior document: Deutsche Reichstagsakten Mittlere Reihe, Deutsche Reichstagsakten unter Maximilian I., 6
1055
“...Heiliges Römisches Reich Reichsfürstenrath...”
1056
1057
“...Heiliges Römisches Reich Reichskammergericht...”
1058
Published: 2013
Superior document: Deutsche Reichstagsakten Ältere Reihe, 19 : Unter Kaiser Friedrich III., Abt.5,3
1059
Published: Anno, Domini, M., D., LXVI.
1060
Published: 1989
Superior document: Deutsche Reichstagsakten Mittlere Reihe, Deutsche Reichstagsakten unter Maximilian I., 1, Reichstag zu Frankfurt 1486, 2