Muhammad
!["Muhammad, the Messenger of God"<br />inscribed on the gates of the [[Prophet's Mosque]] in [[Medina]]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg)
Muhammad was born in approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, circa 610CE, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave and receiving his first revelation from God. In 613, Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "submission" (''islām'') to God (''Allah'') is the right way of life (''dīn''), and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.
Muhammad's followers were initially few in number, and experienced hostility from Meccan polytheists for 13 years. To escape ongoing persecution, he sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615, before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) later in 622. This event, the Hijrah, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina. In December 629, after eight years of intermittent fighting with Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca. The conquest went largely uncontested, and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed. In 632, a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam.
The revelations (''ayat'') that Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim "Word of God" on which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices (''sunnah''), found in transmitted reports (hadith) and in his biography (''sīrah''), are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law. Provided by Wikipedia
1761
1762
Published: 1387, [=2008]
Superior document: Mīrāṯ-i Maktūb 149
1763
Published: [2009]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter PUP eBook-Package 2000-2015
Links: Get full text; Cover
1764
Published: [2009]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Backlist (2000-2014) eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Cover
1765
Published: 2019
Superior document: Frontiers Research Topics
1766
Publisher: مركز الدراسات و البحوث اليمني, دار الاداب / Markaz ad-Dirāsāt wa-'l-Buḥūṯ al-Yamanī, Dār al-Ādāb
1767
Published: 1418h, -, 1998
Superior document: Sīrat al-Imām Yaḥyā Ibn-Muḥammad Ḥamīd-ad-Dīn, al-musammā Katībat al-ḥikma min sīrat Imām al-umma Ǧuzʾ 1
1768
Published: 1403h, -, 1983
Publisher: مركز الدراسات و البحوث اليمني, دار الاداب / Markaz ad-Dirāsāt wa-'l-Buḥūṯ al-Yamanī, Dār al-Ādāb
Superior document: al-ʿUqūd al-luʾluʾīya fī tārīḫ ad-daula ar-rasūlīya al-Ǧuzʾ 1.
1769
Published: 1418h, -, 1998
Superior document: Sīrat al-Imām Yaḥyā Ibn-Muḥammad Ḥamīd-ad-Dīn, al-musammā Katībat al-ḥikma min sīrat Imām al-umma Ǧuzʾ 2
1770
1771
Published: [2021]
1772
Published: [2021]
1773
Published: 1373, [=1994]
Superior document: Ǧāmiʿ at-tawārīḫ Ǧild 3
1774
Published: 1993/94, [1372]
1775
Published: 1379, [2000]
Superior document: Silsila-i intišarāt-i Anǧuman-i Āṯār wa Mafāḫir-i Farhangī 217
1776
Published: [2019]
1777
Published: 1971, [1350, h.š.]
Superior document: Intišārāt-i Dāniškada-i Adabīyāt wa ʿUlūm-i Insānī 10
1778
Published: 1370, [=1991]
Superior document: Maǧmūʿa-i pažūhišhā-i tārīḫ : Tārīḫ-i Īrān 15
1779
Published: 1373, [=1994]
1780
Published: 2019;, [2019]