Muhammad
!["Muhammad, the Messenger of God"<br />inscribed on the gates of the [[Prophet's Mosque]] in [[Medina]]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg)
Muhammad was born in approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, circa 610CE, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave and receiving his first revelation from God. In 613, Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "submission" (''islām'') to God (''Allah'') is the right way of life (''dīn''), and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.
Muhammad's followers were initially few in number, and experienced hostility from Meccan polytheists for 13 years. To escape ongoing persecution, he sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615, before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) later in 622. This event, the Hijrah, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina. In December 629, after eight years of intermittent fighting with Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca. The conquest went largely uncontested, and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed. In 632, a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam.
The revelations (''ayat'') that Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim "Word of God" on which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices (''sunnah''), found in transmitted reports (hadith) and in his biography (''sīrah''), are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law. Provided by Wikipedia
1281
Published: 1992
Superior document: Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science : Islamic geography 27
1282
Published: 1846
Superior document: Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie : pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Sciences historiques et géographiques 9
1283
Published: 1389, [=2010]
1284
Published: 1968
1285
Published: 1394h.š, [2015/2016]
Publisher: پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری / Pažūhišgāh-i Mīrāṯ-i Farhangī wa Gardišgarī
Superior document: Taḫt-i Fūlād yādmān-i tarīḫ-i Iṣfahān Ǧild 4
1286
Published: 1969
1287
Published: 1962
Superior document: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society N.S.,52,4
1288
Published: [2009], =, 1388, [h.š.]
1289
Published: 1987
Publisher: السدو / as-Sadw
1290
1291
Published: [1983]
Publisher: دار الكتاب / Dār al-kitāb
1292
Published: 2007
Superior document: Documents de l'Institut Scientifique 21
1293
Published: 1905.
Superior document: Middle East and Islamic Studies - Book Archive pre-2000
1294
Published: 2013.
Links: Get full text
1295
Published: 2012.
Superior document: Islamic history and civilization, volume 92
1296
Published: 1972.
Superior document: European History and Culture - Book Archive pre-2000
1297
Published: [2022]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DG Plus DeG Package 2022 Part 1
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
1298
Published: [2013]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Linguistics and Semiotics - <1990
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
1299
Published: 2023.
Superior document: Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research Series ; v.247
Links: Get full text
1300
Published: 2022