Muhammad
!["Muhammad, the Messenger of God"<br />inscribed on the gates of the [[Prophet's Mosque]] in [[Medina]]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg)
Muhammad was born in approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, circa 610CE, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave and receiving his first revelation from God. In 613, Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "submission" (''islām'') to God (''Allah'') is the right way of life (''dīn''), and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.
Muhammad's followers were initially few in number, and experienced hostility from Meccan polytheists for 13 years. To escape ongoing persecution, he sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615, before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) later in 622. This event, the Hijrah, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina. In December 629, after eight years of intermittent fighting with Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca. The conquest went largely uncontested, and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed. In 632, a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam.
The revelations (''ayat'') that Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim "Word of God" on which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices (''sunnah''), found in transmitted reports (hadith) and in his biography (''sīrah''), are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law. Provided by Wikipedia
2141
Published: [2022]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Lynne Rienner Press Complete eBook-Package 2013-2000
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2142
Published: [2018]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Archive (pre 2000) eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2143
Published: [2005]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Backlist (2000-2014) eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2144
Published: [2012]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn Press eBook Package Complete Collection
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2145
Published: [2021]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter University of Texas Press Complete eBook-Package Pre-2000
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2146
Published: [2009]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Academic Studies Press Backlist eBook-Package 2008-2013
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2147
Published: [2003]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Backlist (2000-2014) eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2148
Published: [2008]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Backlist (2000-2014) eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2149
Published: [2017]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter University of Toronto Press eBook-Package Backlist 2000-2013
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2150
Published: [2013]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter HUP e-dition: Complete eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2151
Published: 2023.
Superior document: Shii Islam: Texts and Studies ; 03
2152
Published: [2018]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DG Plus eBook-Package 2019
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2153
Published: [2010]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Backlist (2000-2014) eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2154
Published: [1980]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Archive (pre 2000) eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2155
Published: [2021]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Lynne Rienner Press Complete eBook-Package 2021
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2156
Published: 2013.
Superior document: Trajekte
2157
Published: [2022]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DG Plus DeG Package 2022 Part 1
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2158
Published: [2015]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter transcript Backlist eBook Package 2000-2013
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2159
Published: [2017]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Gorgias Press Complete eBook-Package 2017
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover
2160
Published: [2001]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Backlist (2000-2014) eBook Package
Links: Get full text; Get full text; Cover