Cologne
![Dionysian scenes](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Wall_painting_with_Dionysian_scenes_from_a_luxurious_Roman_villa_excavated_to_the_south_of_the_cathedral%2C_Romisch-Germanisches_Museum%2C_Cologne_%288119154487%29.jpg)
The city's medieval Cologne Cathedral () was the world's tallest building 1880–1890 and is today the third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world. It was constructed to house the Shrine of the Three Kings and is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe. The cityscape is further shaped by the Twelve Romanesque churches of Cologne. Cologne is famous for Eau de Cologne, which has been produced in the city since 1709; "cologne" has since come to be a generic term.
Cologne was founded and established in Germanic Ubii territory in the 1st century CE as the Roman , hence its name. was later dropped (except in Latin), and became the name of the city in its own right, which developed into modern German as . , the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. Cologne functioned as the capital of the Roman province of and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462. During the Middle Ages the city flourished as being located on one of the most important major trade routes between east and western Europe (including the Brabant Road, Via Regia and Publica). Cologne was a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire and one of the major members of the trade union Hanseatic League. It was one of the largest European cities in medieval and renaissance times.
Prior to World War II, the city had undergone occupations by the French (1794–1815) and the British (1918–1926), and was part of Prussia beginning in 1815. Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II. The bombing reduced the population by 93% mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed around 80% of the millennia-old city center. The post-war rebuilding has resulted in a mixed cityscape, restoring most major historic landmarks like city gates and churches (31 of them being Romanesque). The city nowadays consists of around 25 % pre World War II buildings and boasts around 9,000 historic buildings.
Cologne is a major cultural center for the Rhineland; it hosts more than 30 museums and hundreds of galleries. There are many institutions of higher education, most notably the University of Cologne, one of Europe's oldest and largest universities; the Technical University of Cologne, Germany's largest university of applied sciences; and the German Sport University Cologne. It hosts three Max Planck science institutes and is a major research hub for the aerospace industry, with the German Aerospace Center and the European Astronaut Centre headquarters. Lufthansa, Europe's largest airline, have their main corporate headquarters in Cologne. It also has a significant chemical and automobile industry. Cologne Bonn Airport is a regional hub, the main airport for the region being Düsseldorf Airport. The Cologne Trade Fair hosts a number of trade shows. Provided by Wikipedia
121
Published: ©, 1980
Superior document: Werke Reihe 14, Bd. 1
122
Published: ©, 1991
Superior document: Werke Reihe 1, Bd. 3
123
Published: 1974
Superior document: Katalog alexandrinischer Kaisermünzen der Sammlung des Instituts für Altertumskunde der Universität zu Köln 1
124
Published: 1992
Superior document: Abrasax ausgewählte Papyri religiösen und magischen Inhalts 3
125
Published: 1996
Superior document: Abrasax ausgewählte Papyri religiösen und magischen Inhalts 4
126
Published: 1978
Superior document: Katalog alexandrinischer Kaisermünzen der Sammlung des Instituts für Altertumskunde der Universität zu Köln 2
127
Published: 1991
Superior document: Abrasax ausgewählte Papyri religiösen und magischen Inhalts 2
128
Published: 2001
Superior document: Abrasax ausgewählte Papyri religiösen und magischen Inhalts 5
129
Published: 1983
Superior document: Katalog alexandrinischer Kaisermünzen der Sammlung des Instituts für Altertumskunde der Universität zu Köln 5
130
Published: 1993
Superior document: Abhandlungen der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften : Sonderreihe Papyrologica Coloniensia 20
131
Published: 1995
132
Superior document: Abhandlungen der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften : Sonderreihe Papyrologica Coloniensia 17
133
Published: 1991
Superior document: Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere : Sondernummer 1991
134
Published: 1990
Superior document: Abrasax ausgewählte Papyri religiösen und magischen Inhalts 1
135
Superior document: Abhandlungen der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften : Sonderreihe Papyrologica Coloniensia 5
136
Published: 2001
Superior document: Schriftenreihe des Museumsdienstes Köln 4
Links: Inhaltsverzeichnis
137
Published: 1983
Superior document: Katalog alexandrinischer Kaisermünzen der Sammlung des Instituts für Altertumskunde der Universität zu Köln 4
138
139
Published: 1997
Superior document: Führer und Schriften des Regionalmuseums Xanten 44
Links: Inhaltsverzeichnis
140
Published: 1982
Superior document: Katalog alexandrinischer Kaisermünzen der Sammlung des Instituts für Altertumskunde der Universität zu Köln 3