Jacob
![Detail from ''Jacob Seeking the Forgiveness of Esau'' (1652), by [[Jan Victors]]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Jan_Victors_-_Jacob_Seeking_the_Forgiveness_of_Esau_-_79.330_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Jacob had twelve sons through four women: his wives (and cousins), Leah and Rachel, and his concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah. His sons were, in order of their birth: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin, all of whom became the heads of their own family groups, later known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel. He also had a daughter named Dinah. According to Genesis, Jacob displayed favoritism among his wives and children, preferring Rachel and her sons, Joseph and Benjamin, causing tension within the family—culminating in Joseph's older brothers selling him into slavery.
Scholars have taken a mixed view as to Jacob's historicity, with archaeology so far producing no evidence for his existence. William Albright initially dated the narratives of Jacob to the 19th century BCE, but later scholars like John J. Bimson and Nahum Sarna argued against using archaeological evidence to support such claims due to limited knowledge of that period. Recent scholars such as Thomas L. Thompson and William Dever suggest that these narratives are late literary compositions with ideological purposes rather than historical accounts.
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1901
Published: [2021]
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1902
Published: [2021]
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1903
Published: [2021]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn State University Press Complete eBook-Package Pre-2014
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1904
Published: [2011]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Gorgias Press Backlist eBook-Package 2001-2013
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1905
Published: [2008]
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1906
Published: [1987]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter University of Toronto Press eBook-Package Archive 1933-1999
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1907
Published: 1936
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch Bd. 11, Abt. 2
1908
Published: [2018]
Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Rutgers University Press Complete eBook-Package 2018
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1909
Published: 2015.
Superior document: Technology Enhanced Learning ; Volume 9
1910
Published: [2020]
Superior document: Brill's Tibetan studies library ; Volume 44
1911
Published: 2014.
Superior document: Bild und Text
1912
Published: 1899.
Superior document: Middle East and Islamic Studies - Book Archive pre-2000
1913
Published: 1930
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch
1914
Published: 1957
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch Bd. 10, Abt. 3
1915
Published: 1919
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch Bd. 10, Abt. 2, Teil 1
1916
Published: 1873
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch Bd. 5
Links: Volltext
1917
Published: 1936
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch Bd. 11, Abt. 3
1918
Published: 1960
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch Bd. 14, Abt. 2
1919
Published: 1893
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch Bd. 8
1920
Published: 1955
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch Bd. 14, Abt. 1, Teil 1