Jacob
![Detail from ''Jacob Seeking the Forgiveness of Esau'' (1652), by [[Jan Victors]]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Jan_Victors_-_Jacob_Seeking_the_Forgiveness_of_Esau_-_79.330_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Jacob had twelve sons through four women: his wives (and cousins), Leah and Rachel, and his concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah. His sons were, in order of their birth: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin, all of whom became the heads of their own family groups, later known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel. He also had a daughter named Dinah. According to Genesis, Jacob displayed favoritism among his wives and children, preferring Rachel and her sons, Joseph and Benjamin, causing tension within the family—culminating in Joseph's older brothers selling him into slavery.
Scholars have taken a mixed view as to Jacob's historicity, with archaeology so far producing no evidence for his existence. William Albright initially dated the narratives of Jacob to the 19th century BCE, but later scholars like John J. Bimson and Nahum Sarna argued against using archaeological evidence to support such claims due to limited knowledge of that period. Recent scholars such as Thomas L. Thompson and William Dever suggest that these narratives are late literary compositions with ideological purposes rather than historical accounts.
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1301
Published: [2004]
Superior document: Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism ; 85/1
1302
Published: 2018
1303
Published: 2013
1304
Published: 2017
1305
Published: 1857, [1856?]
1306
Published: 1984
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 28 = Bd. 14, Abt. 1, Teil 1
1307
Published: 1984
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 10 = Bd. 4, Abt. 2
1308
Published: 1984
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 21 = Bd. 11, Abt. 1, Teil 1
1309
Published: 1999
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 5 = Bd. 4, Abt. 1, Theil 2
1310
Published: 1984
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 24 = Bd. 11, Abt. 3
1311
Published: 1999
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 17 = Bd. 10, Abt. 2, Teil 1
1312
Published: 1999
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 15 = Bd. 9
1313
Published: 1984
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 11 = Bd. 5
1314
Published: 1999
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 9 = Bd. 4, Abt. 1, Teil 6
1315
Published: 1999
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 30 = Bd. 14, Abt. 2
1316
Published: 1984
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 14 = Bd. 8
1317
Published: 1984
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 9 = Bd. 4, Abt. 1, Teil 6
1318
Published: 1984
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 23 = Bd. 11, Abt. 2
1319
Published: 2018;, 2018.
1320
Published: 1999
Superior document: Deutsches Wörterbuch 27 = Bd. 13