International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
![ITLOS seen from [[Elbchaussee](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Hamburg.IntSeegerichtshof.Elbseite.wmt.jpg)
The
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (
ITLOS) is an
intergovernmental organization created by the mandate of the
Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. It was established by the
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, signed at
Montego Bay, Jamaica, on December 10, 1982. The Convention entered into force on November 16, 1994, and established an international framework for law over all ocean space, its uses and resources. The ITLOS is one of four
dispute resolution mechanisms listed in Article 287 of the UNCLOS. Although the Tribunal was established by a United Nations convention, it is not an "organ" of the United Nations. Even so, it maintains close links with the United Nations and in 1997 the Tribunal concluded an Agreement on Cooperation and Relationship between the United Nations and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, which establishes a mechanism for cooperation between the two institutions.
The Tribunal is based in
Hamburg, Germany. The Convention also established the
International Seabed Authority, with responsibility for the regulation of
seabed mining beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, that is beyond the limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone and the continental shelf. There are currently 168 signatories, 167 states plus the
European Union. , holdouts included the
United States and
Iran.
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