IBM
![IBM CHQ in [[Armonk, New York]], in 2014](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/IBM_CHQ_-_Oct_2014.jpg)
IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. It was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924 and soon became the leading manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems. During the 1960s and 1970s, the IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the world's dominant computing platform, with the company producing 80 percent of computers in the U.S. and 70 percent of computers worldwide.
IBM entered the microcomputer market in the 1980s with the IBM Personal Computer, which soon became known as PC, one of IBM's best selling products. Due to a lack of foresight by IBM, the PC was not well protected by intellectual property laws. As a consequence, IBM quickly began losing its market dominance to emerging competitors in the PC market, while at the same time the openness of the PC platform has ensured PC's longevity as the most popular microcomputer standard.
Beginning in the 1990s, the company began downsizing its operations and divesting from commodity production, most notably selling its personal computer division to the Lenovo Group in 2005. IBM has since concentrated on computer services, software, supercomputers, and scientific research. Since 2000, its supercomputers have consistently ranked among the most powerful in the world, and in 2001 it became the first company to generate more than 3,000 patents in one year, beating this record in 2008 with over 4,000 patents. As of 2022, the company held 150,000 patents.
As one of the world's oldest and largest technology companies, IBM has been responsible for several technological innovations, including the automated teller machine (ATM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, and the UPC barcode. The company has made inroads in advanced computer chips, quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and data infrastructure. IBM employees and alumni have won various recognitions for their scientific research and inventions, including six Nobel Prizes and six Turing Awards.
IBM is a publicly traded company and one of 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. It is among the world's largest employers, with over 297,900 employees worldwide in 2022. Despite its relative decline within the technology sector, IBM remains the seventh largest technology company by revenue, and 67th largest overall company by revenue in the United States. It is also consistently ranked among the world's most recognizable and valuable brands. Provided by Wikipedia
241
Published: 2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
242
Published: c2005.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
243
Published: c2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
244
Building and scaling SAP business information warehouse on DB2 UDB ESE / [Chuck Ballard ... et al.].
Published: 2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
245
Published: c2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
246
Published: 2003.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
247
Published: 2003.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
248
Published: 2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
249
Published: c2003.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
250
Published: 2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
251
Published: 2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
252
Published: c2003.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
253
Published: c2003.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
254
Published: c2003.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
255
Published: 2004.
Superior document: Redbooks
Links: Get full text
256
Published: c2003.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
257
Published: c2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
258
Published: c2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
259
Published: 2004.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text
260
Published: c2005.
Superior document: IBM redbooks
Links: Get full text