Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
![Goethe in 1828, by [[Joseph Karl Stieler]]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Goethe_%28Stieler_1828%29.jpg)
Goethe took up residence in Weimar in November 1775 following the success of his first novel, ''The Sorrows of Young Werther'' (1774), and joined a thriving intellectual and cultural environment under the patronage of Duchess Anna Amalia that had already included Abel Seyler's theatre company and Christoph Martin Wieland, and that formed the basis of Weimar Classicism. He was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Karl August, in 1782. Goethe was an early participant in the ''Sturm und Drang'' literary movement. During his first ten years in Weimar, Goethe became a member of the Duke's privy council (1776–1785), sat on the war and highway commissions, oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau, and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena. He also contributed to the planning of Weimar's botanical park and the rebuilding of its Ducal Palace.}}
Goethe's first major scientific work, the ''Metamorphosis of Plants'', was published after he returned from a 1788 tour of Italy. In 1791 he was made managing director of the theatre at Weimar, and in 1794 he began a friendship with the dramatist, historian, and philosopher Friedrich Schiller, whose plays he premiered until Schiller's death in 1805. During this period Goethe published his second novel, ''Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship''; the verse epic ''Hermann and Dorothea'', and, in 1808, the first part of his most celebrated drama, ''Faust''. His conversations and various shared undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottfried Herder, Alexander von Humboldt, Wilhelm von Humboldt, and August and Friedrich Schlegel have come to be collectively termed Weimar Classicism. Due to their very close relationship many modern historians assume that Goethe and Schiller had a romantic and sexual affair.
The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer named ''Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship'' one of the four greatest novels ever written,}} while the American philosopher and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson selected Goethe as one of six "representative men" in his work of the same name (along with Plato, Emanuel Swedenborg, Montaigne, Napoleon, and Shakespeare). Goethe's comments and observations form the basis of several biographical works, notably Johann Peter Eckermann's ''Conversations with Goethe'' (1836). His poems were set to music by many composers including Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner, and Mahler. Provided by Wikipedia
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Published: 1978
Superior document: Testi e materiali 1
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Published: [1938]
Superior document: Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Goethe in zwei Bänden 1
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Published: ©, 1924
Superior document: Philharmonia 282
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Published: 1914
Superior document: Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Goethe in den Jahren 1794 bis 1805 2 (1914)
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Published: ©, 2011
Superior document: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke Serie 2, Bühnenwerke, Bd. 14
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Published: [1938]
Superior document: Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Goethe in zwei Bänden 2
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Published: ©, 1970
Superior document: Goethes Lieder, Oden, Balladen und Romanzen mit Musik T. 2 : Abt. 3 und 4 sowie verstreut überlieferte Kompositionen
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Published: [ca., 1914]
Superior document: Briefwechsel zwischen Goethe und Zelter in den Jahren 1799 bis 1832 3
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Superior document: Das Erbe deutscher Musik : Abteilung Frühromantik ...
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Published: [ca., 1914]
Superior document: Briefwechsel zwischen Goethe und Zelter in den Jahren 1799 bis 1832 2
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Published: ©, 1964
Superior document: Goethes Lieder, Oden, Balladen und Romanzen mit Musik T. 1 : Abt. 1 und 2
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Published: [ca., 1914]
Superior document: Briefwechsel zwischen Goethe und Zelter in den Jahren 1799 bis 1832 1
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Published: 2003
Superior document: Acta historica Leopoldina Nr. 40
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Published: 1965
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Published: 1985
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Published: 1805
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