France
![The [[Maison carrée](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/France-002364_-_Square_House_%2815867600545%29.jpg)
Metropolitan France was settled during the Iron Age by Celtic tribes known as Gauls before Rome annexed the area in 51 BC, leading to a distinct Gallo-Roman culture. In the Early Middle Ages, the Franks formed the Kingdom of Francia, which became the heartland of the Carolingian Empire. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned the empire, with West Francia evolving into the Kingdom of France. In the High Middle Ages, France was a powerful but decentralized feudal kingdom, but from the mid-14th to the mid-15th centuries, France was plunged into a dynastic conflict with England known as the Hundred Years' War. In the 16th century, the French Renaissance saw culture flourish and a French colonial empire rise. Internally, France was dominated by the conflict with the House of Habsburg and the French Wars of Religion between Catholics and Huguenots. France was successful in the Thirty Years' War and further increased its influence during the reign of Louis XIV.
The French Revolution of 1789 overthrew the and produced the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under Napoleon Bonaparte, subjugating part of continental Europe and establishing the First French Empire. The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars significantly shaped the course of European history. The collapse of the empire initiated a period of relative decline, in which France endured the Bourbon Restoration until the founding of the French Second Republic which was succeeded by the Second French Empire upon Napoleon III's takeover. His empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. This led to the establishment of the Third French Republic, and subsequent decades saw a period of economic prosperity and cultural and scientific flourishing known as the Belle Époque. France was one of the major participants of World War I, from which it emerged victorious at great human and economic cost. It was among the Allies of World War II, but it surrendered and was occupied by the Axis in 1940. Following its liberation in 1944, the short-lived Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the defeat in the Algerian War. The current Fifth Republic was formed in 1958 by Charles de Gaulle. Algeria and most French colonies became independent in the 1960s, with the majority retaining close economic and military ties with France.
France retains its centuries-long status as a global centre of art, science, and philosophy. It hosts the fourth-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the world's leading tourist destination, receiving 100 million foreign visitors in 2023. France is a developed country with a high nominal per capita income globally, and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world. It is a great power, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and an official nuclear-weapon state. France is a founding and leading member of the European Union and the eurozone, as well as a member of the Group of Seven, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and Francophonie. Provided by Wikipedia
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Published: 1666
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Published: 1720
Superior document: Voyage Du Sieur Paul Lucas, Fait En M. DCCXIV, &c. Par Ordre De Louis XIV. Dans La Turquie, L'Asie, Sourie, Palestine, Haute et Basse Egypte, &c. Où l'on trouvera des Remarques très-curieuses, comparées à ce qu'ont dit les Anciens sur le Labyrinthe d'Egypte; un grand nombre d'autres Monumens de l'Antiquité, dont il a fait la découverte; une Description du Gouvernement, des Forces, de la Religion, de la Politique & de l'état present des Turcs ... T. 2
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Published: 1961-1981
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Published: 1720
Superior document: Voyage Du Sieur Paul Lucas, Fait En M. DCCXIV, &c. Par Ordre De Louis XIV. Dans La Turquie, L'Asie, Sourie, Palestine, Haute et Basse Egypte, &c. Où l'on trouvera des Remarques très-curieuses, comparées à ce qu'ont dit les Anciens sur le Labyrinthe d'Egypte; un grand nombre d'autres Monumens de l'Antiquité, dont il a fait la découverte; une Description du Gouvernement, des Forces, de la Religion, de la Politique & de l'état present des Turcs ... T. 1
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Published: 1973
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Published: 1998
Superior document: 1848: Das Europa der Bilder [1]
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Published: 1993
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Published: 1878-1909
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Published: 1609;, 1609
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Published: M.DC.LXXIII
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Published: 1979
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Published: [1720?]
Superior document: Les Plans et Profils des principales villes et lieux considerables du Duché de Limbourg Avec les Cartes generales et les particulieres de chaque gouvernement
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Published: [1680?]
Superior document: Les Plans et Profils des principales villes et lieux considerables du Comté de Namur Avec les Cartes generales et les particulieres de chaque gouvernement
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Published: [1809]
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Published: 1664
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Published: [1809]
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Published: [1700]
Superior document: Les Plans et Profils des principales villes et lieux considerables du Duché de Gueldre Avec les Cartes generales et les particulieres de chaque gouvernement
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Published: [1806]
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Published: [1742?]
Superior document: Les Plans et Profils des principales villes et lieux considerables des Duchez de Lorraine et Bar Avec les Cartes generales et les particulieres de chaque gouvernement
Links: Volltext
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Published: [1700?]
Superior document: Les Plans et Profils des principales Villes et lieux considerables du Comté d'Alost ou Flandre imperiale Avec les Cartes generales et les particulieres de chaque gouvernement
Links: Volltext