Austria
![The [[Battle of Vienna](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Anonym_Entsatz_Wien_1683.jpg)
Pronunciation: , ; , , Alemannic German: ''Öschtreich, Eschtrych''}} formally the Republic of Austria,
}} is a country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The landlocked country occupies an area of and has a population of around 9 million.
The area of today's Austria has been inhabited since at least the Paleolithic period. Around 400 BC, it was inhabited by the Celts and then annexed by the Romans in the late 1st century BC. Christianization in the region began in the 4th and 5th centuries, during the late Roman period, followed by the arrival of numerous Germanic tribes during the Migration Period. Austria, as a unified state, emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium, first as a frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, it then developed into a duchy in 1156, and was made an Archduchy in 1453. Being the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy since the late 13th century, Austria was a major imperial power in Central Europe for centuries and from the 16th century, Vienna was also serving as the Holy Roman Empire's administrative capital. Before the dissolution of the empire two years later, in 1804, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and one of the largest states in Europe. The empire's defeat in wars and the loss of territories in the 1860s paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary in 1867.
After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955.
Austria is a semi-presidential representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Austria has the 13th highest nominal GDP per capita with high standards of living. The country has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and is a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interpol. It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999. Provided by Wikipedia
521
Published: 1891
Superior document: Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild Band II
Links: Digitales Objekt; Volltext // 2023 digitalisiert von: Universitätsbibliothek Graz
522
Published: 1896
Superior document: Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild 2. Abtheilung
Links: Digitales Objekt; Volltext // 2023 digitalisiert von: Universitätsbibliothek Graz
523
Published: 1963-
524
Published: [2018]
Links: Inhaltsverzeichnis
525
Published: 1901
Superior document: Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild Bosnien und Hercegovina
Links: Volltext auf Phaidra - Universität Wien; Digitales Objekt; Volltext // 2023 digitalisiert von: Universitätsbibliothek Graz
526
Other Authors:
“...Rudolf Österreich, Erzherzog 1858-1889...”
Links: Volltext auf Phaidra - Universität Wien; Volltext // 2023 digitalisiert von: Universitätsbibliothek Graz; Get full text
Links: Volltext auf Phaidra - Universität Wien; Volltext // 2023 digitalisiert von: Universitätsbibliothek Graz; Get full text
527
Published: 1890
Superior document: Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild
Links: Digitales Objekt; Volltext // 2023 digitalisiert von: Universitätsbibliothek Graz
528
Published: 1989-;, teils
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Published: 2002-;, 2002-;, 2002-
530
Published: 1967-2004
531
Published: 1994
Superior document: Bericht über die soziale Lage Ressortaktivitäten und Analysen 1993(1994)
532
Published: 1993
Superior document: Energiebericht ... der Österreichischen Bundesregierung 1993
533
Published: 1989-1996;, 1986-2004
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535
Published: 2002-
Links: Inhaltsverzeichnis; Umschlagbild
536
Published: 1834
Superior document: Karte des Königreichs Illyrien und des Herzogthums Steyermark nebst dem Königlich Ungarischen Littorale Nro 8
Links: Digitales Objekt // digitalisiert von: Universität Wien, Universitätsbibliothek. Exemplar der FB Geographie und Regionalforschung
537
Published: 1823
Superior document: Karte der gefürsteten Grafschaft Tyrol nebst Vorarlberg und dem angrenzendem Souverainen Fürstenthum Liechtenstein 7
Links: Digitales Objekt // digitalisiert von: Universität Wien, Universitätsbibliothek. Exemplar der FB Geographie und Regionalforschung
538
Other Authors:
“...Österreich Schulbücher-Verschleiß-Administration...”
539
Other Authors:
“...Österreich Schulbücher-Verschleiß-Administration...”
540
Published: 2010