Austria
![The [[Battle of Vienna](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Anonym_Entsatz_Wien_1683.jpg)
Pronunciation: , ; , , Alemannic German: ''Öschtreich, Eschtrych''}} formally the Republic of Austria,
}} is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine federal states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and federal state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of and has a population of around 9 million.
The area of today's Austria had been inhabited since at least the Paleolithic period. Around 400 BC, it was inhabited by the Celts and then annexed by the Romans in the late 1st century BC. Christianization in the region began in the 4th and 5th centuries, during the late Roman period, followed by the arrival of numerous Germanic tribes during the Migration Period. Austria, as a unified state, emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium, first as a frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, it then developed into a duchy in 1156, and was made an Archduchy in 1453. Being the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy since the late 13th century, Austria was a major imperial power in Central Europe for centuries and from the 16th century, Vienna was also serving as the Holy Roman Empire's administrative capital. Before the dissolution of the empire two years later, in 1804, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and one of the largest states in Europe during its whole existence. The empire's defeat in wars and the loss of territories in the 1860s paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary in 1867.
After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955.
Austria is a semi-presidential representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Major cities include Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. Austria has the 13th highest nominal GDP per capita with high standards of living; it was ranked 22nd in the world for its Human Development Index in 2022. The country has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and is a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interpol. It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999. Provided by Wikipedia
2061
Published: 1880-1979
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2062
Published: 1995-1998
2063
Published: 2017
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Zweiten Republik Veröffentlichung des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Historische Quellenstudien und des Instituts für Neuzeit- und Zeitgeschichtsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Band 8
Links: Inhaltsverzeichnis
2064
Published: 1995
2065
Published: April, 2010
2066
Published: 2000-2006
2067
Published: 2006
Superior document: Berichte des Institutes für Erdwissenschaften der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 12
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2068
Published: 1988
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik 1918 - 1938 Abt. 9, Kabinett Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg : 29. Juli 1934 bis 11. März 1938, Bd. 1
2069
2070
“...Österreich Kaiser 1848-1916 : Franz Joseph I....”
2071
Published: 2001
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik 1918 - 1938 Abt. 9, Kabinett Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg : 29. Juli 1934 bis 11. März 1938, Bd. 5
2072
Published: [1849]
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2073
Published: [1849]
2074
Published: [1849]
2075
Published: [1849]
2076
Published: 2022
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Zweiten Republik der Republik Österreich Veröffentlichung des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für historische Quellenstudien und des Instituts für die Erforschung der Habsburgermonarchie und des Balkanraumes Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Band 13
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2077
Published: 2022
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Zweiten Republik der Republik Österreich Veröffentlichung des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für historische Quellenstudien und des Instituts für die Erforschung der Habsburgermonarchie und des Balkanraumes Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Band 13
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2078
Published: [2021]
Superior document: Jahrbuch Migrationsforschung 5
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2079
Published: [2021]
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2080
Published: 1988